Question

In addition to transmission delays that can have strong impact on network requirements, there are other performance related delays. Considering all situations, explain with examples at least four network and performance related delays in wide area networks (WANs). Include at least two citations in APA style/format. Also, remember to include at least two sources as citations and include page numbers for either textbooks' citations (4501/4502).

Answer 1

Network and Performance related delay in WAN are

Basically first we need to know about Network latency - It is time that packet take to go from one end of network to another end.

In ideal case we wanted our network latency to be as close to zero as possible.

Four major reason for latency are as following -

1.Processing delay - It is the time that our device generally take to process packet that has came to it .Basically in this time our devices figure out based on packet header that where we have to send the packet.

2. Queuing delay - This is the time for which packet wait in queue before it is executed. Just because of heavy network traffic packet has to wait in queue .Just to avoid data loss we use queuing algorithm and store data in memory as long as the traffic is not clear.

3. Transimission delay - It is time that is required to put all bits of data on communication medium. Basically transmission delay depend on bandwidth of network and lenght of packet.

4.Propagation delay - It is time required to transfer one bit of data from sender'e to receiver end. Depend on propagation speed and total distance .

Hence total time required to transfer packet is Processing delay + Queuing delay + Transmission delay+ Propagation delay.

For reference you can refer Computer networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum or Data Communications and Networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan.