Question

66. Harmless variants or their derivatives of pathogens, which stimulate the immune system are called a. transformers b) vaccines c. viral envelopes d. mutagens 67. Iniectious agents of disease consisting only of proteins: a. viroidsb. viruses c. introns prions e. transposons 68. Plasmids, transposons and viruses are all a. infectious d. 2 of the above e.none of the above mobile genetic elements c. immobile genetic elements The major component of the bacterial genome is ircular double stranded DNA stranded DNA oi b. single stranded RNA near double d. double stranded RNA e. none of the above 70. The most extensively studied and understood organism on the planet is probably a. the white ratb. the human E coli d. the zebra fish 71. In bacteria, the uptake of naked DNA is called of genetic material between 2 bacteria ceils is called a. conjugation, transduction c.transformation, lysogenesis , and the direct transfer b. transduction, transformation ransformation, conjugation 72. These viruses attack bacteria: . bacteriocytes b. viroids bacteriophages d. prions 73. A virus in its lytic cycle will its bacterial host. destroyb. not effect c. be of benefit d. confer resistance to 74. Bacterial "mating", also known as a, transformation, sex pili b. transduction, episomes d. conjugation, DNA utilizes bridges. ⓒconjugation, sex pili 75. Smalil circular DNA molecules separate from the primary bacterial genome 1. naked DNA plasmids c. exons d. introns 76. "Jumping genes": n. plasmids b. transformation (. transposons d. operons 77. Consists of an operator, structural genes, and the promoter @ operon d. repressor 78. Control of genomic expression occurs mainly during b. meiosis ーーーーーーーーーー ーー ー ーーーー ー ー ranslation transcription d. transposition

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Answer 1

66. A harmless variants or their derivatives of pathogens which stimulate the immune system are called vaccine.

Thus, the answer is b. vaccine.

Explaination

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease causing microorganisms and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxin or one of its surface proteins.

These agents stimulate the bodys immune system to recognize the agent as a threat.

67. Infectious agents of disease consisting only of proteins are called prions.

Thus the answer is d. prions.

Explaination

prion is a term which is firstly used to describe the mysterious infectious agent responsible for several neurodegenerative diseases found in mammals in cluding CJD in humans.

The word itself derives from proteinaceous infectious particle which refers to the initially heretical hypothesis that the infectious agent causing those diseases consists only of protein with no nucleic acid genome.

68. The plasmids, transposons and viruses are mobile genetic elements.

Thus, the answer is b.

Explaination

plasmids and transposons are moving sequences of nucleotides which get integrated into the host genome. whereas in viruses, genetic material replicate accurately so that progeny inherit all of the specific genetic determinants of the parental organism and integrate into the host genome to infect the host cells.