1. How can the action of the stomach be thought of as an immune response?
2. The complement component that is activated by both pathways is:
1. The action of the stomach be also thought of as an immune response because,
2. The complement component -3 (C3) is activated by both pathways (classical and alternative complement activation pathways).
1. How can the action of the stomach be thought of as an immune response? 2....
7. True or False: When the immune response is not properly regulated and becomes activated inappropriately, conditions like asthma and autoimmunity occur. a. True b. False 8. Which of the following is true about antimicrobial peptides? a. Produced in an inactive form b. Form pores in the microbial membrane to induce lysis c. Are expressed in specific tissues of the body d. All of the above e. None of the above 9. Which of the following is NOT a function...
1. Find the false statement. a. the adaptive immune response is slower but more specific than the innate response b. the innate immune response includes inflammation, phagocytes, and complement c. T cells have TCRs which are analogous in function to BCRs on B cells d. B cells do not require activated helper T cells to be activated e. cytotoxic T lymphocytes seek out and kill infected host cells that display foreign antigens with their MHC I 2. Which of these...
Why are opsonization and complement considered part of the innate immune response if they can also involve antibodies
1. Following a viral infection, what biological response(s) can occur? A. Inflammation B. Recruitment of immune cells to site of infection C. Fever D. All of the above 2. Preventine vaccines are intended to protect _______. A. Organisms already afflicted with the targeted viral infection B. Organisms free of the targeted viral infection C. Organisms that are immunocompromised D. Organisms that are defective in pathways regulating humoral immunity 3. Which of the following is not a type of passive immune...
1. The action of __________ result in the antibody immune response. a. B lymphocytes. b. neutrophils. c. monocytes. d. T lymphocytes. e. macrophages. 2.Mark is tasked with discovering a microbe capable of degrading acid mine drainage. Which of the following is the process he should use? nitrogen fixation quorum sensing enrichment culture chemostat cell culture
1. Which of the following complement activation pathways can be activated by antibodies? a. Lectin activation pathway b. Classical activation pathway c. Alternate activation pathway d. All of the above can be activated by antibodies. e. None of the above can be activated by antibodies. 2. Which of the following cells are leukocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e, none of the above 3 Which of the following cells are lymphocytes? a. NK...
What’s the difference between a primary immune response and secondary immune response? Answer both in terms of the physiological responses and in terms of the mechanism by which it is achieved. Adaptive immunity is a response to a specific antigen. How does the adaptive immune system mount a specific response to an invading antigen? How is it possible to mount such a response to a wide array of antigens?
The inflammatory immune response is a concerted effort, involving many components of our immune system, to combat pathogens that invade our bodies through injury or infection. In certain cases, a bacterial infection can induce an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response that can lead to a life-threatening situation known as septic shock. a. Explain the endosymbiotic theory. Provide three forms of evidence in support of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. b. What is systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and when is it...
4. Why are there THREE complement pathways i.e. if classical was absent, how would that affect the innate immune response, if alternative was absent, how would that affect the innate immune response, etc?
Provide two examples of how the immune response to bacterial antigens or toxins can cause severe disease and pathology. For each example, name the disease, the bacterial species, the corresponding bacterial toxin or antigen associated with the disease, and the immune response driving the pathology.