Question

Lab 115 1. What is the difference between diastole and systole? 2. What is the difference between heart rate and stroke volume? 3. Define Heart Rate, Cardiac Output, and Stroke Volume. What are the physiological advantages and disadvantages of being in the above average category of the fitness rating? 4. 5. Why do you think a fitness rating is established? 6. What benefit is there for knowing what your own fitness rating is?

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer 1: Human heart is made up of 4 chambers; right and left atria and the right and left ventricle.

Human heart is the main pumping organ and it is known to beat 72 times per minute so that a total of 5 liters of blood within the human body gets circulated every minute.

In order to pump the blood through the body; the different chambers of the heart needs to be contracted and relaxed.

Cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of the events that occur during one heart beat. That portion of the cardiac cycle wherein contraction of the different heart chambers of the heart takes place is called as the systole; whereas the period of the relaxation of the heart chambers is called as the diastole.

Furthermore, in systole, the heart chambers remains filled with the blood due to which they undergo a phase of contraction; the systole.

Whereas, in diastole, the heart chambers remains emptied from the blood due to which they undergo a period of relaxation; the diastole.

Also, it is reported that all the chambers of the heart cannot contract simultaneously; hence there is no phase for a joint systole; whereas the different heart chambers can exhibit the stage of a joint diastole; that is they can be relaxed together.

Summary:

Systole	Diastole
Contraction of different heart chambers	Relaxation of different heart chambers
Heart chambers remains filled with blood	Hart chambers remains free from blood
All the chambers do not contract simultaneously; that is joint systole phase is not present in heart	All the chambers of the heart can relax simultaneously; that is the phase of joint diastole is present

Answer 2: Heart rate:

Human heart beats about 72 times per minute in an adult person at rest. This is called as the heart rate of that person. The heart rate is known to increase during exercise, fever, fear and anger.

Smaller animals have the higher metabolic rate; hence their heart rate is higher than that of the larger animals.

Stroke volume:

Stroke volume is defined as the amount of the blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart at the completion of each heart beat. Thus, the stroke volume is a very important parameter and determinant for the determination of the cardiac output.

The value of the stroke volume which is calculated is 70 ml of the blood per beat.

And since the human heart is known to beat 72 times per minute, the total of the cardiac output becomes around 5 liters of the blood (72*70).

Summary:

Heart rate	Stroke volume
Heart rate is estimated to be around 72 times per minute in a resting condition	Stroke volume is estimated to be around 70 ml and is the volume of the blood pumped from the left ventricle of the heart
It can be increased during fear, anger, fever and other conditions	It depends on the heart beat rate for its increase or decrease

Answer 3.

Heart rate: Human heart beats about 72 times per minute in an adult person at rest. This is called as the heart rate of that person. The heart rate is known to increase during exercise, fever, fear and anger.

Smaller animals have the higher metabolic rate; hence their heart rate is higher than that of the larger animals.

Cardiac output: It is also known as the heart output. It is the amount of the blood pumped by the heart per minute. Heart of a normal person beats 72 times per minute and pumps out about 70 ml of the blood per beat. Thus, the cardiac output is 72*70 which equals 5040 ml per minute that is about 5 liters of the blood per minute which is equivalent to the total body blood volume (about 5 liters).

Stroke volume: Stroke volume is defined as the amount of the blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart at the completion of each heart beat. Thus, the stroke volume is a very important parameter and determinant for the determination of the cardiac output.

The value of the stroke volume which is calculated is 70 ml of the blood per beat.

Answer 4: Fitness rating is the process by which the complete fitness of an individual is accessed and thus is determined.

It remains associated with a number of advantages. Some of them are as listed below:

1. Physical fitness leads to an effective functioning of the different organ systems of the body thus keeping the person healthy
2. The endurance level of the individual increases and hence the performance too increases
3. It also enables to access the general BMI(Body Mass index) of an individual
4. Fitness rating can also improve the mental strengths significantly of an individual

Similarly, like the fitness rating is known to provide a number of advantages to us, the similar way, it also remains associated with some disadvantages. They are;

1. During the initial stages, the process involved might involve some resistance offered on account of increase in the exercise intensity and training schedules for an individual
2. Involvement and timely consultation form a personal trainer is a must

Thus these were a list of the advantages and disadvantages related to the average physiological fitness in an individual.   

Answer 5: Fitness rating is a technique to determine and access the complete fitness of an individual. It also plays an important role in assessing the health of an individual. And thus these days it has gained an immense importance in assessing the varying conditions on human health. It can lead to a better monitoring over the body’s growth and its functioning. It can also stimulate the individuals to undergo different exercises and training schedules to improve the body’s functioning and working.

Furthermore, it also results in accessing the mental strength of an individual and also in analyzing the effective functioning of the cardio-respiratory system of our body.

Answer 6: Fitness rating is a technique to determine and access the complete physical and mental fitness of an individual. It is a complete channel to monitor the health of an individual. It offers a number of benefits to be known for an individual. Few of them are as listed below;

1. It can help evaluate and determine the general body health and fitness
2. The process can also help evaluate the endurance levels of our body
3. The fitness rating technique can help us find and effective functioning of the different body systems like; the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system
4. The fitness testing method also leads to an increased an effective stretching methods thus resulting to an increased flexibility to the body.

Thus, these are the list of few benefits which are facilitated to the humans by knowing their own fitness ratings.