Question

Answer both questions

The simplest model for a mutualistic interaction between two species is similar to the basic Lotka-Volterra model as described in Chapter 14 for two competing species. The crucial difference is that rather than negatively influencing each other's growth rate, the two species have positive interactions. The competition coefficients a and fi arc replaced by positive interaction coefficients. reflecting the per capita effect of an individual of species 1 on species 2 (alpha 12) and the effect of an individual of species 2 on species 1 (alpha 21)

Answer 1

The outcome of competition between two species over ecological time can be described using the Lotka-Volterra competition model. This model observes the effect that the presence of one species will have on the population growth of the other species. This is observed in relation to the competitive effect that two members of the same species would have on each other.  In figure 1, as one species can competitively exclude another species in ecological time, the competitively-inferior species may increase the range of food types that it eats in order to survive.

Answer 2

The outcome of competition between two species over ecological time can be described using the Lotka-Volterra competition model. This model observes the effect that the presence of one species will have on the population growth of the other species. This is observed in relation to the competitive effect that two members of the same species would have on each other.  In figure 1, as one species can competitively exclude another species in ecological time, the competitively-inferior species may increase the range of food types that it eats in order to survive.