Homework Answers
12. Chemiosmosis can be defined as the movement of ions from their region of high proton concentration to lower proton concentration across a semi permeable membrane. It involves proton pumping in special channels of mitochondria from its inner compartment to the outer compartment.
ATP synthase is the enzyme which is required to produce ATP using the process of chemiosmosis. Here, protons are passed through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient and thus the free energy difference generated is usedto produce Adenosine di phosphate which is then converted to ATP.
About 34 molecules of ATP are produced from per glucose molecule via chemiosmosis.
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12. Describe chemiosmosis. How is this related to the ATP synthase (ATPase)? How much ATP...
In an ATP synthase which has 12 copies of the c subunit, how many protons move...
In an ATP synthase which has 12 copies of the c subunit, how many protons move through the enzyme for each one ATP that is synthesized? 44. 4 12. 45. An uncoupler acts by: a. Inhibiting a redox couple b. nhibiting proton pumping complexes. c. nhting oxygen reduction d. Collapsing the proton gradient e. Uncoupling the F and Fo subunits of the ATP synthase GLUCONEOGENESIS The reactions of glycolysis that are replaced by different enzymes in the gluconeogenesis pathway are...
13. Describe 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is generated during cellular respiration Mechanism 1: Mechanism 2: 14....
13. Describe 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is generated during cellular respiration Mechanism 1: Mechanism 2: 14. Indicate the MAIN molecules that enter and exit each of these processes? Molecule(s) IN Process Molecule(s) OUT Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle ETC Photophosphorylation Calvin Cycle 15. Isocitrate is a 6 carbon molecule that is oxidized to a-ketoglutarate (a 5 carbon molecule) by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. What happens to the extra carbon atom in this reaction and in which process (listed in...
How much ATP can be obtained by the cell from the complete oxidation of one glucose...
How much ATP can be obtained by the cell from the complete oxidation of one glucose vs anaerobically converting to lactate or ethanol? Fill in the table below: Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose Molecule Produced ATP Made Glycolysis ATP NADH АТР 2 pyruvate acetyl-CoA NADH NADH citric acid cycle (2 rounds) FADH2/QH2 Total Anaerobically ATP made. FT
27) Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? A) Electrons are passed...
27) Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? A) Electrons are passed from one carrier to another releasing a little energy at each B) Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound. C) Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport. D) Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound 28) After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the one molecule is in the form of...
12. How are glycolysis, ethanol fermentation, and lactate fermentation all related? A. All are regulated by...
12. How are glycolysis, ethanol fermentation, and lactate fermentation all related? A. All are regulated by the ATP/ADP mass-action ratio. D. All three produce carbon dioxide. B. All can occur in anaerobic conditions. E. All require the presence of oxygen. C. All three produce NADH. 13. Which is the most exothermic reaction of glycolysis under standard conditions? A. Enolase B. Triose phosphate isomerase C. Pyruvate kinase D. Phosphofructokinase-1 E. Aldolase
Place the following mechanisms to generate ATP in order starting with the one that produces the...
Place the following mechanisms to generate ATP in order starting with the one that produces the few ATP's and ending with the one that produces the most ATP's per glucose molecule a anacrobic, fermentation, aerobic b) fermentation, aerobic, anaerobic c) acrobic, fermentation, anaerobic d) fermentation, anaerobic, acrobic e) anaerobic, aerobic, fermentation 2) Ry what type of phosphorylation are ATPs made by fermentation? a) substrate-level phosphorylation b) oxidative phosphorylation c) a combination of both types 3) This diagram represents a biochemical...
In redox reactions Protons are transferred from one molecule to another One substance loses electrons and...
In redox reactions Protons are transferred from one molecule to another One substance loses electrons and the other gains electrons A substance that loses electrons is reduced, while a substance e that gains electrons are oxidized B and c are both correct Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present of not? Electron transport Glycolysis The citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Chemiosmosis How many carbon atoms are fed into the cirtic acid cycle as a...
20. Inhibition of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Plasmodium falciparum is a potential novel treatment...
20. Inhibition of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Plasmodium falciparum is a potential novel treatment for malaria. MDH catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. Which metabolic pathway in P. falciparum will be directly affected if MDH is inhibited? a. Glycolysis b. The electron transport chain c. The citric acid cycle d. Alcohol fermentation 21. Which of the following compounds has the greatest amount of energy for a cell? a. CO b. ATP C. Glucose d. Lactic acid e....
20. Inhibition of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Plasmodium falciparum is a potential novel treatment...
20. Inhibition of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Plasmodium falciparum is a potential novel treatment for malaria. MDH catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. Which metabolic pathway in P. falciparum will be directly affected if MDH is inhibited? a. Glycolysis b. The electron transport chain c. The citric acid cycle d. Alcohol fermentation 21. Which of the following compounds has the greatest amount of energy for a cell? a. CO b. ATP C. Glucose d. Lactic acid e....
4. For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or...
4. For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase can be used more than once. (2 point each; 34 points total) ADP lysosome oxidation phosphorylation NAD pyruvate plasma membrane oxidative phosphorylation acetyl CoA cytosol carbon dioxide nucleus NADH sucrose ubiquitination GTP electrons FADH2 reduction B-sheets matrix ATP FAD kinase vacuole H* mitochondria NADH inner membrane...
In an ATP synthase which has 12 copies of the c subunit, how many protons move through the enzyme for each one ATP that is synthesized? 44. 4 12. 45. An uncoupler acts by: a. Inhibiting a redox couple b. nhibiting proton pumping complexes. c. nhting oxygen reduction d. Collapsing the proton gradient e. Uncoupling the F and Fo subunits of the ATP synthase GLUCONEOGENESIS The reactions of glycolysis that are replaced by different enzymes in the gluconeogenesis pathway are...
13. Describe 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is generated during cellular respiration Mechanism 1: Mechanism 2: 14. Indicate the MAIN molecules that enter and exit each of these processes? Molecule(s) IN Process Molecule(s) OUT Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle ETC Photophosphorylation Calvin Cycle 15. Isocitrate is a 6 carbon molecule that is oxidized to a-ketoglutarate (a 5 carbon molecule) by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. What happens to the extra carbon atom in this reaction and in which process (listed in...
How much ATP can be obtained by the cell from the complete oxidation of one glucose vs anaerobically converting to lactate or ethanol? Fill in the table below: Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose Molecule Produced ATP Made Glycolysis ATP NADH АТР 2 pyruvate acetyl-CoA NADH NADH citric acid cycle (2 rounds) FADH2/QH2 Total Anaerobically ATP made. FT
27) Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? A) Electrons are passed from one carrier to another releasing a little energy at each B) Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound. C) Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport. D) Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound 28) After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the one molecule is in the form of...
12. How are glycolysis, ethanol fermentation, and lactate fermentation all related? A. All are regulated by the ATP/ADP mass-action ratio. D. All three produce carbon dioxide. B. All can occur in anaerobic conditions. E. All require the presence of oxygen. C. All three produce NADH. 13. Which is the most exothermic reaction of glycolysis under standard conditions? A. Enolase B. Triose phosphate isomerase C. Pyruvate kinase D. Phosphofructokinase-1 E. Aldolase
Place the following mechanisms to generate ATP in order starting with the one that produces the few ATP's and ending with the one that produces the most ATP's per glucose molecule a anacrobic, fermentation, aerobic b) fermentation, aerobic, anaerobic c) acrobic, fermentation, anaerobic d) fermentation, anaerobic, acrobic e) anaerobic, aerobic, fermentation 2) Ry what type of phosphorylation are ATPs made by fermentation? a) substrate-level phosphorylation b) oxidative phosphorylation c) a combination of both types 3) This diagram represents a biochemical...
20. Inhibition of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Plasmodium falciparum is a potential novel treatment for malaria. MDH catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. Which metabolic pathway in P. falciparum will be directly affected if MDH is inhibited? a. Glycolysis b. The electron transport chain c. The citric acid cycle d. Alcohol fermentation 21. Which of the following compounds has the greatest amount of energy for a cell? a. CO b. ATP C. Glucose d. Lactic acid e....
20. Inhibition of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Plasmodium falciparum is a potential novel treatment for malaria. MDH catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. Which metabolic pathway in P. falciparum will be directly affected if MDH is inhibited? a. Glycolysis b. The electron transport chain c. The citric acid cycle d. Alcohol fermentation 21. Which of the following compounds has the greatest amount of energy for a cell? a. CO b. ATP C. Glucose d. Lactic acid e....
4. For each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase can be used more than once. (2 point each; 34 points total) ADP lysosome oxidation phosphorylation NAD pyruvate plasma membrane oxidative phosphorylation acetyl CoA cytosol carbon dioxide nucleus NADH sucrose ubiquitination GTP electrons FADH2 reduction B-sheets matrix ATP FAD kinase vacuole H* mitochondria NADH inner membrane...
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