Question

Answer 1-4 (#3 and #4 are tables)

shell provides stability to the atom. Different chemical bonds are based on the way in which the atoms fill their valence shells. The major types of chemical bonds include: ionic bonds covalent bonds (both types, i.c. polar covalent and non-polar covalent bonds), and hydrogen bonds. Atoms can use two strategies to fill their valence shell: they can share electrons between their valence shells, or they can give or take electrons from other nearby atoms. Refer to the following figures for illustrations of both. Formation of an ionic bond Alom X Atom Y Ion X Ion Y Molecule XY Formation o(a covalent bond Figure 2.1 1. Why is helium a nonreactive element? 2. How many electrons does magnesium need to fill its valence shell? a. Would a magnesium atom try to gain six electrons or give up two? 3. Complete Table 2.1 for ionic bonds. Refer to the periodic table within your textbook. Be sure to label the type of each ion as well as the final charge of each ion. Use an arrow to indicate the direction of movement for the electrons.

Answer 1

Answer (1) Helium is a type of noble gas element. The outer shell of the Helium atom is full with eight electrons. Hence, according to the Octet rule, there is no further tendency for the shell to gain electrons. Therefore, Helium along with other noble elements like Argon, Neon are least reactive and most stable.

Answer (2) Magnesium has 12 as atomic number. Therefore, the total number of electrons in the Magnesium atom is 12. According to the octet rule, an atom would always attempt to have a full set of eight electrons by covalently or ionically bonding with other atoms. Since the number of electrons is 12, the electronic configuration of shells in the Mg atom would be: 2,8,2. In the outermost shell there are 2 electrons, hence in order to attain a full set of eight electrons in the outermost shell, the Mg atom would tend to lose 2 electrons. Now the configuration would become 2,8; making the outermost shell full with 8 electrons.

Answer(3)

EC 2,8,? 7-1チ 2, 8,2 I2 1チ a+ EC ,8,8 2, 8 2,8,8

Cl EC 2,8,7 2,9,8,2 2,8) ほ 30 구. it 2,8,8 EC: 2,8,8 2,8,8 ken Lehene 2,1 2,8 2,8 2,8,8)も (19) (9) Ca