Question

Write a research paper on obesity . What is the Introduction of disease, Etiology, Pathophysiological processes, Clinical Manifestations & Complications, Diagnostics and APA Style and Organization of obesity ? 300words three pages... Note:APA citation

Answer 1

APA style or American Psychological Association ,originated in 1929.

By this method of writting students are able to comunicate information about their ideas and experiments more effectively and in an accurate format.

APA format has four major sections they are- 1) Title page, 2) Abstract ,3) The main body 4) Reference.

1) Title page - This page contains a running head Title , Author name , It's purpose is to Give the reader an idea about the paper is about what and who has written it .

2) Abstract:- It is a brief summery of the paper, it is wriiten after Title, As per APA format it should be 150-200 words, It is the most important part of the paper . It focusses on four or five essential points , concepts or findings.It's purpose is to report including the information which is in the body of the paper.Abstract should always written at the end , after making a final draft of the paper the final draft helps in guiding the abstract.

Abstratc should begin with a brief summery of introduction follwed by summery of Methods, Results and Discussion sectionof the paper.

3 ) The main body:- For writting an essay main body should contain an essay writing about all aspects , but if it is a lab report main body is broken into Introduction, Method , Results, Discussion.

4) Reference :- This section contains list of all the information from any source cited.Text citation (Author name, year), here all entries should be in alphabetical order.

  OBESITY

Introduction:-

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess fat of body gets accumulated, and puts negative effect on health, People are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over 30 kg/m², with the range 25–30 kg/m² is considered as overweight. Obesity causes various diseases like cardiovascular diseases, Type -II diabetes, Some types of cancer, osteoarthritis and depression.

Etiology:-

Obesity occurs due to a combination of factors, they are excessive food intake, lack of physicalcal activity, and genetic factors. Few cases are caused by genes, endocrine disorders, medications, or mental disorder. On an average, obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their normal weight persons, due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.

Pathophysiological process:-

Obesity leads to immune dysfunction due to the effects of its inflammatory adipokine secretion and it is a major risk factor for many types of cancers, like hepatocellular, oesophageal, and colon.(Redinger,2007)

Obesity is excessive effect of normal adiposity and plays a major role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, due to secretion of excessive adipokines. Obesity is also a major contributor for the metabolic dysfunction which involves lipid and glucose, but on a broader concept , it influences organ dysfunction which includes cardiac, liver, intestinal, pulmonary, endocrine, and reproductive functions.

Clinical manifestations and complications:-

Health risks or clinical manifestations and complications associated with obesity are breathing disorders (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) certain types of cancers (e.g. prostate and bowel cancer in men, breast and uterine cancer in women) coronary artery (heart) diseases, gall bladder or liver disease.

Diagnosticss:-

The diagnosis of obesity is usually based on a physical examination and a patient history (i.e., eating and exercise habits).

A measurement called the body mass index (BMI) do not directly measure the body fat, but helps in acessing the health risk associated with obesity. A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered normal or healthy.

The BMI of 30-34 considered obese class-i and the person’s health risk is high in it , a BMI of 35-39 is considered obese class-ii, person’s health risk is very high, and a BMI of 40 or higher is under Obese class-iii, and the person is under extremely high health risk.

By changing the Life style and taking a healthy diet , Doing Exercise can reduce the obesity and it’s related health risks, in extreme cases surgery at times done to get rid of the excess fat. But prevention is always better then cure.

References-

The Pathophysiology of Obesity and Its Clinical Manifestations,Richard N. Redinger, MD, 2007.