Question

Describe the major schools of thought and theoretical perspectives in psychology.

Key Terms: behaviorism

psychoanalysis

humanistic psychology

cognitive psychology

evolutionary psychology

biological psychology

sociocultural approach

Exercises

1. Fill in the chart below.

School of Thought	Important Theorist(s)	Main Ideas
Behaviorism
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic psychology
Cognitive psychology
Evolutionary psychology
Biological psychology
Sociocultural approach

Answer 1

School of Thought	Important Theorist(s)	Main Ideas
Behaviorism	John B. Watson	Learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning
Psychoanalysis	Sigmund Freud	Psychoanalytic theory
Humanistic psychology	Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers	Maslow's hierarchy of needs (Motivational theory)
Cognitive psychology	Albert Ellis, Donald Meichenbaum	Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Evolutionary psychology	Charles Darwin	Theory of biological evolution (Darwinism)
Biological psychology	Knight Dunlap	Elements of Scientific Psychology
Sociocultural approach	Lev Vygotsky	Parents, caregivers, peers, and the culture at large are responsible for developing higher-order functions.

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