Question

C. Answer the following questions as they relate to the microscope. What is the difference between magnification and resolution? Why are both necessary for microscopy? What is the function of the oil used with the oil-immersion lens? What is the effect of omitting it? Why is it imperative to promptly remove any oil that has accidentally spilled on the other non-immersion lenses? D. Examination of Living Bacteria From your observation of the hay infusion, draw and describe what you have seen with regard to size, shape (form), color and motility of organisms present. Description Drawing 3. Which bacterial form is the most prevalent in the hay infusion? 4. Make a list of five beneficial activities of bacteria.

Answer 1

Answer-

C- (1)Difference between magnification and resolution-

Magnification of microscope is its  the ability to make small objects seen larger and visible. it is the degree to which an image may be magnify while  Resolution is degree or ability to distinguish two objects that are placed very close to each other.

(2) function of oil used with the oil-immersion lens- It is  used to increase the resolving power of a microscope and can be done by immersing objective lens and the  specimen we are going to observe under the microscope in a transparent oil having  high refractive index, which increases the  numerical aperture of the objective lens.

• omitting of oil results in unable to get the lens close to the slide for good focus, because oil gives continuity of index of refraction
• If we are unable to remove oil which was accidently spilled, it results in hardenening of oil which affect on the clarity of lens when used after some times later for any further experiments. generally moisten lens paper having xylene or microscope lens cleaning solution are used for removing mistakenly spilled oil.

D-  hay infusion- are nutrient medium used to enrich some organisms. in this dry grass called hay is boiled with water which turn brownish-green. a lot of organism including Bacillus subtilis, algae, other protozoa are observed in this.

for example we are considering

Bacillus subtilis-

• it is a spore forming bacteria
• motile,
• rod-shaped,
• Gram-positive,
• produce antibiotics.

(3) Most prevalent bacteria in hey infusion includes- rod shaped including bacillus subtillis.

(4) Most beneficial activity of bacteria-

• helps in cycling of nutrients
• work as Nature's Scavengers in decomposing  organic matter present in the environment
• helps in Controlling the Pollution by decomposing waste
• Disposal of Sewage and Agro-wastes
• plays a Symbiotic relation with plant
• helps in production of Gobargas (biogas)
• help is increasing Soil Fertility
• work as Biopesticides

(E)- 1-

light Yellow Colom i was obserud Owend wody Rod shaped Structure Round at shaped Shaped → structue . 4 800ot Blue Calour Bacillus subtily staphylococcus spirtlinum wolutans

(2) Three form of bacteria are -

• coccus- spherical or oval in shape
• bacillus- rod shape
• spiral- like spiral shaped

(3) Microorganism- and their principal group- microorganism is  an organism which are  microscopic in nature i.e. that is very small and we can not see with naked eye, microorganism includes-  bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists ae well as  viruses.
principal group includes - microorganism have specific cellular composition, morphology, types of  locomotion, and types of reproduction which includes- bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi, viruses, and multicellular animal parasites.

(A)

Microscope part	Function(s)
ocular	further magnify the image produced by the objective lenses.
objective	gathers light from the object which are being observed and focus to produce a real image.
condenser	to focus the light onto the specimen.
condenser- diaphragm	controls the amount of light reaching the specimen
stage	a flat platform for placing slide
fine-adjustment	present in course adjustment nob. it is used to bring the specimen into sharp focus
course- adjustment	used to moves the stage up and down to bring the specimen into focus.
nosepiece	it is a  rotating turret houses the objective lenses.

(B) Magnification of following-

scanning power =   4X

low power- 10X

high power= 40X

oil immersion= 100X.