Question

1) Which is NOT characteristic of metabolism during the absorptive state?

a) oxidation of about 50% of the glucose absorbed from a typical meal

b) conversion of glucose to glycogen in hepatocytes

c) gluconeogenesis using amino acids

d) glucose not picked up by the liver is converted into triglycerides.

e) deamination of absorbed amino acids which entered hepatocytes.

2) In the Krebs cycle, an oxidation-reduction reaction is likely coupled with a substrate-level phosphorylation. True or False?

3) Glycolysis is an example of oxidative phosphorylation. true or false?

4)Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a)In the proximal convoluted tubule, sodium ions are reabsorbed through the apical membrane by the Na⁺ -glucose symporters and Na⁺ /H⁺ antiporters

b) In the loop of Henle, Na⁺ -K⁺-2Cl^- Symporters reclaim sodium, potassium and chloride from fluid in the tubule lumen.

c)In the distal convoluted tubule, sodium resorption is mainly by osmosis

d) In the collecting duct, principle cells absorb sodium.

5) Which of the following might indicated abnormal kidney function?

a)creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min

b)serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter)

c) glucose in the urine

d) creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min and serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter) are both correct

e)creatinine clearance less than 120-140 mL/min, serum creatinine less than 1.5 mg/dL (135 mmol/liter), and glucose in the urine are all correct

6) ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure because inhibiting ACE

a) stops the secretion of renin

b) prevents the formation of angiotensin I

c) prevents the formation of angiotensin II

d)increases the secretion of aldosterone

e)prevents norepinephrine from binding alpha 1 receptors on blood vessels

Answer 1

1. c) gluconeogenesis using amino acids. In the absorptive state, there is no need of synthesis of glucose.

2. True. The formation of GTP is substrate level phosphorylation and citrate is oxidized and NAD is reduced.

3. False. Oxidative phosphorylation does not occur in glycolysis.

4. c)In the distal convoluted tubule, sodium resorption is mainly by osmosis. Sodium is reabsorbed by active transport. via the Na/Cl co transporter.