Question

I. Nylon 6-6 is a condensation polymer. The last two lab handouts pointed out that "condensation reactions are extremely common among a variety of organic functional groups." Pick two appropriate functional groups (your choice) and draw structures to show the condensation reaction between them. Identify the functional groups that are reacting, as well as the linkage formed by the condensation. 2. Rather than use a carboxylic acid for the nylon condensation, you'll use the more reactive acid chloride. This must be dissolved in hexane, rather than in water. The structures of both the di-carboxylic acid and di-acid chloride are below Compare these structures, and explain why the acid chloride would be hexane-soluble, and why the carboxylic acid would be water-soluble. Start by circling the polar/monpolar groups of atoms on each molecule, and labeling them with the TYPE of intermolecular attractive force each group of atoms is capable of using to interact with solvent molecules Label with TYPES of intermolecular attractive forces Label with TYPES of intermolecular attractive forces HO CH2 CH2 Explain solubility in hexane Explain solubility in water 3. The reactant molecules will meet and react with one another at the interface of an aqueous phase (water) and organic phase (hexane). Draw the Lewis structures of hexane and water, and label any 8 and 5 'regions in each structure. Then explain why these liquids are nor soluble in one another and form two separate phases when they're combined. Structure of hexane Structure of Explain why these substances aren't mutually soluble water 113 S. C. Ngo

Answer 1

1.

A dipic acid Herxametthylene diamine me duamime 2 mime :de +(2n-1) 2 Nylom 6,6

O H N-R N- R

2.

Acid chloride - Attractive force present is london dispersion force( due to long hydrocarbon chain) and dipole-dipole ( acid chloride group) interaction.

as it can not form hydrogen bonding with water it is insoluble in water. But due to presence of long hydrophobic alkane chain it can interact easily with nonpolar solvent hexane. Interaction already present in acid chloride molecule and interaction between acid chloride and hexane is almost equal. Hence for solvation less energy is required that is why acid chloride is soluble in hexane.

CH 2 eu 91ouf

Whereas the diacidic compound has highly polar carboxylic group it can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water molecule . Hence for dissolving carboxylic acid into water need less energy .That is why it is soluble in water.

Again carboxylic acid being highly polar strong dipole -dipole interaction is present again it can also form intermolecular hydrogen with another carboxylic acid molecule. These interactions are much stronger than dispersion force. The interction force present between carboxylic acid and hexane is only dispersion force . So, when it dissolved in hexane more energy is required, that is why the diacidic fompound is insoluble in hexane.

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3.

CH 2 CH 3 Hemame

Water is polar and it can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

But hexane is nonpolar ( no charge separation)

To dissolve one substance into another , the intermolecular forces need to break.

For mixing nonpolar hexane and polar molecule water both dispersion and dipole-dipole (also hydrogen bond) need to break, this requires high energy. Between hexane and water only dispersion force is present this releases very less energy.

Therefore energy required to dissolve hexane and water need very high energy. That is why they do not mix.