Question

1. Which of the following mutations could create a frameshift and change the sequence of a protein? 1. A back mutation 2. Deletion of a base 3. Insertion of a base 4. A base substitution of C for A I 2. Which of the following is NOT common to ALL forms of speciation? Select one: a. Formation of a new species b. None, all of these are common to all forms of speciation c. Ecological isolation d. Limited gene flow e. Reproductive barriers 3. Incomplete or missing genetic data can influence the outcome of genetic analysis by: Select one: a. Any or all of these options b. Leading to misleading conclusions about the populations we are studying C. Causing false deviations of loci from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium expectations d. Increasing the number of homozygotes, e. Decreasing or increasing the signal of population genetic structure 4. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurs during which stage of meiosis? a. Metaphase b. Prophase II c. Interphase d. Late Prophase II e. Late Prophase I 5. Within a single population, a gene with 20 alleles that all have frequencies conforming to those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is: a. Experiencing no selection at any of the alleles b. Experiencing stabilising selection at some of the alleles c. Experiencing genetic drift at all alleles d. Experiencing disruptive selection at some of the alleles e. Experiencing directional selection at some of the alleles

Answer 1

Ans 1) Option 1, Correct(A back Mutation)

Frameshift mutations are isertions or deletions in the genome.They are found in coding sequence of polypeptides,which are not mutiple of 3 .These mutations don't include substitutions where a nucleotide replace with another.Example:-Cystic fibrosis,Crohn's disease,etc

A frameshift mutation occured when a protein is drastically altered because of an insertion or deletion

Option 2,3,4 is Incorrect

Ans 2) Option b, Correct(None, all of these are common to ALL forms of speciation)

a)Incorrect(Speciation is the process by whcih new species formed)

b) Option b, Correct(None, all of these are common to ALL forms of speciation)

c) Incorrect(Ecological Isolation,is the separation of groups of organisms which results changes in their environment/ecology where they are living.

d)Incorrect(Speciation occured when there is little or no gene flow between two groups)

e)Incorrect e,(These barriers come in to play after two species have mated. These incluse temporal isolation, ecological, behavioral and mechanical isolation)

Ans 3) Correct a, Any or all of these options

Ans 4)Correct e, Late prophase 1

Meiosis is a slow process and takes place in a matter of minutes.Due to the time ,meiosis spends time in Prophse I.During this ,the pairs of homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetrad and containing four chromatids.Cross over between homologous chromatids can be visualized in structure known as Chiasmata, that appeared late in Prophase I

Incorrect a,b,c,d

Ans 5) Correct a, Experiencing no selection at any of the alleles

THERE ARE 5 ASSUMPTIONS OF THIS THEOREM:-

NO MUTATION, RANDOM MATING, NO GENE FLOW, INFINITE POPULATION SIZE AND NO SELECTION

Incorrect b,c,d,e