Homework Answers
A. The general graph for the reaction velocity of PFK at low and high levels of ATP is as follows:
B. PFK exist in two conformational states, both R and T states. ATP binds both active and allosteric sites in both conformations. While ATP binds the active site equally well, it preferentially binds the allosteric site of the T state . High levels of ATP leads to inhibitory effect to PFK by specifically binding to an allosteric site on PFK and lowering its affinity fructose 6-phosphate. High levels of ATP forms sigmoidal binding curve from hyperbolic binding curve.
C. AMP reverses the inhibitory action of ATP. It bind to the allosteric site and facilitates the formation of the R state by inducing structural changes in the enzyme. Activity of the enzyme increases when the cellular ATP/AMP ratio is lowered.
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Response To Questions PartA To C A. Make a general graph the reaction velocity of PFK...
0.01 M A PFK-1 wity 2 mM ATT 02 M AMT -2 MATT 0 1.0 20...
0.01 M A PFK-1 wity 2 mM ATT 02 M AMT -2 MATT 0 1.0 20 (RSP) MM According to the graph, which of the Vmax? According to the graph, which of the following best explains why curve C reaches AMP has a weak affinity for the regulatory site so ATP does not interfere with the reaction. ATP has a better affinity for the catalytic domain than the regulatory domain, thus binds in active site when concentrations of ATP are...
a. What is the Km and Vmax for PFK1 when treated with OmM (represents control for...
a. What is the Km and Vmax for PFK1 when treated with OmM (represents control for enzymatic activity) or with 5mM AMP Show work on the graph draw lines for Vmax and Km. Control: Vmax (AMP), 0.32 0.28 0.2 Km 0.24 0.20 (s)-FTY20 (20LM): 0.18 Vmax 0.12 0.08 0.04 Km 0.00 Fructose-6-phosphate (mM) b. Fructose-6-phosphate is the substrate of the reaction. Based on answer in "a", what type of regulation occurs with and what site on PFK1 is AMP likely...
high and detecting one product at a time Question 77 The initial velocity of an enzyme...
high and detecting one product at a time Question 77 The initial velocity of an enzyme reaction (vo) describes A) The concentration of the enzyme at maximal velocity B) The concentration of substrate at maximal velocity C) The concentration of both at the start of the reaction D) The rate of the reaction when the substrate and enzyme are first med Question 78 What is the shape of a typical plot of initial rate vs substrate concentration tres kinetics? A)...
5. (12pts) You have discovered a novel cell-signaling pathway, in which cells stimulated with a hormone, Simpson, leads to a cell death response. The pathway involves 5 proteins with the following si...
5. (12pts) You have discovered a novel cell-signaling pathway, in which cells stimulated with a hormone, Simpson, leads to a cell death response. The pathway involves 5 proteins with the following signaling: Simpson (signal) Homer --I Marge > Bart Lisa MaggieCell growth (response) A. Do you expect the Simpson stimulus to lead to increased or decreased levels of cell growth? Please provide your reasoning. B. You construct a series of cell lines with mutations in each one of these genes...
For Questions 4-18, consider the mutations described in the left-hand column below. Identify whether the Lac operon will be ON or OFF in each of the environments listed across the top. The expression...
For Questions 4-18, consider the mutations described in the left-hand column below. Identify whether the Lac operon will be ON or OFF in each of the environments listed across the top. The expression of the normal (wild type) operon is given. Note that "ON" and "OFF" refer to whether the operon is expressed at high levels (ON) or basal//low/no levels (OFF). (Hint: mutations render the indicated site inactive while leaving the remaining part of the operon or protein functional.) Note...
answer questions 15) An apoenzyme + cofactor(s) - a) Inhibitor b) active site c) substrate d)...
answer questions
15) An apoenzyme + cofactor(s) - a) Inhibitor b) active site c) substrate d) holoenzyme 16) Aspartate-transcarbamylase is an enveloved in a pathway that may produces molecule called Cytidine triphosphate. Cytidine triphosphate can bind to anot t o this enzyme, rendering the active site nonfunctional. This is an example of a) ATP hydrolysis b) competitive inhibition c) feedback inhibition d) allosteric activation 17) Which of the following is false regarding fermentation? a) fermentation occurs in the absence of...
BIOCHEMISTRY please answers the both questions Q1: Which of the following statements about enzymes are true?...
BIOCHEMISTRY please answers the both questions Q1: Which of the following statements about enzymes are true? (Check all that apply) A) Enzymes affect the activation energy of the reaction. b) Enzymes affect the equilibrium position of a chemical reaction. c) Enzymes affect the Gibbs Free Energy change of a chemical reaction. d) Enzymes decrease the time needed for a reaction to reach equilibrium. Q2: What best describes the nature of the active site. a) It is a rigid pocket that...
CILI ULIULIS. Question 2 The reason enzyme catalyzed reaction rates have a maximum velocity at high...
CILI ULIULIS. Question 2 The reason enzyme catalyzed reaction rates have a maximum velocity at high substrate concentrations is: Enzymes denature at high substrate concentrations. O None of the answers are correct. The enzyme active sites are saturated. O If enzymes go too fast they make mistakes. O The build-up of product limits the rate of the reaction. Question 3 TILS LICTULUGTCAICONI Question 3 4 pts For a plot of velocity vs. [S] where the maximal velocity of the uninhibited...
Enzymes are important to biology because they can be used to Select one: O a. Control...
Enzymes are important to biology because they can be used to Select one: O a. Control when chemical reactions happen O b. Control where chemical reactions occur O c. Link different chemical reactions O d. Couple ATP hydrolysis to activity O e. All of the above Diffusion is the movement of solute propelled by collisions with water. Diffusion spontaneously transforms energy concentration gradients into energy equilibrium conditions just like any other spontaneous reaction. Select one: O a. high; high O...
is meant by a "pacemaker" enzyme is an enume that catalyzes the fastest reaction in a...
is meant by a "pacemaker" enzyme is an enume that catalyzes the fastest reaction in a pathway A It is an nuryme the catalyzes the slowest reaction in a pathway c) It is in en ryme that requires a significant energy source to function D) It is an enzyme that requires a co-factor to function E) It is an enzyme that is covalently modified during the reaction process 24. What is the difference bet between the lock-and-key and the induced-fit...
0.01 M A PFK-1 wity 2 mM ATT 02 M AMT -2 MATT 0 1.0 20 (RSP) MM According to the graph, which of the Vmax? According to the graph, which of the following best explains why curve C reaches AMP has a weak affinity for the regulatory site so ATP does not interfere with the reaction. ATP has a better affinity for the catalytic domain than the regulatory domain, thus binds in active site when concentrations of ATP are...
a. What is the Km and Vmax for PFK1 when treated with OmM (represents control for enzymatic activity) or with 5mM AMP Show work on the graph draw lines for Vmax and Km. Control: Vmax (AMP), 0.32 0.28 0.2 Km 0.24 0.20 (s)-FTY20 (20LM): 0.18 Vmax 0.12 0.08 0.04 Km 0.00 Fructose-6-phosphate (mM) b. Fructose-6-phosphate is the substrate of the reaction. Based on answer in "a", what type of regulation occurs with and what site on PFK1 is AMP likely...
high and detecting one product at a time Question 77 The initial velocity of an enzyme reaction (vo) describes A) The concentration of the enzyme at maximal velocity B) The concentration of substrate at maximal velocity C) The concentration of both at the start of the reaction D) The rate of the reaction when the substrate and enzyme are first med Question 78 What is the shape of a typical plot of initial rate vs substrate concentration tres kinetics? A)...
5. (12pts) You have discovered a novel cell-signaling pathway, in which cells stimulated with a hormone, Simpson, leads to a cell death response. The pathway involves 5 proteins with the following signaling: Simpson (signal) Homer --I Marge > Bart Lisa MaggieCell growth (response) A. Do you expect the Simpson stimulus to lead to increased or decreased levels of cell growth? Please provide your reasoning. B. You construct a series of cell lines with mutations in each one of these genes...
For Questions 4-18, consider the mutations described in the left-hand column below. Identify whether the Lac operon will be ON or OFF in each of the environments listed across the top. The expression of the normal (wild type) operon is given. Note that "ON" and "OFF" refer to whether the operon is expressed at high levels (ON) or basal//low/no levels (OFF). (Hint: mutations render the indicated site inactive while leaving the remaining part of the operon or protein functional.) Note...
answer questions
15) An apoenzyme + cofactor(s) - a) Inhibitor b) active site c) substrate d) holoenzyme 16) Aspartate-transcarbamylase is an enveloved in a pathway that may produces molecule called Cytidine triphosphate. Cytidine triphosphate can bind to anot t o this enzyme, rendering the active site nonfunctional. This is an example of a) ATP hydrolysis b) competitive inhibition c) feedback inhibition d) allosteric activation 17) Which of the following is false regarding fermentation? a) fermentation occurs in the absence of...
CILI ULIULIS. Question 2 The reason enzyme catalyzed reaction rates have a maximum velocity at high substrate concentrations is: Enzymes denature at high substrate concentrations. O None of the answers are correct. The enzyme active sites are saturated. O If enzymes go too fast they make mistakes. O The build-up of product limits the rate of the reaction. Question 3 TILS LICTULUGTCAICONI Question 3 4 pts For a plot of velocity vs. [S] where the maximal velocity of the uninhibited...
Enzymes are important to biology because they can be used to Select one: O a. Control when chemical reactions happen O b. Control where chemical reactions occur O c. Link different chemical reactions O d. Couple ATP hydrolysis to activity O e. All of the above Diffusion is the movement of solute propelled by collisions with water. Diffusion spontaneously transforms energy concentration gradients into energy equilibrium conditions just like any other spontaneous reaction. Select one: O a. high; high O...
is meant by a "pacemaker" enzyme is an enume that catalyzes the fastest reaction in a pathway A It is an nuryme the catalyzes the slowest reaction in a pathway c) It is in en ryme that requires a significant energy source to function D) It is an enzyme that requires a co-factor to function E) It is an enzyme that is covalently modified during the reaction process 24. What is the difference bet between the lock-and-key and the induced-fit...
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