Homework Answers
Answer - b) endergonic
Reason- in endergonic reactions, energy is absorbed from surroundings and drawn to the product. For eg:- exocytosis.
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A cell is increasing the size of its lipid bilayer by exocytosis. This process: 1 is...
A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which is a double layer of phospholipids. Each...
A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which is a double layer of phospholipids. Each phospholipid has a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic lipid tail. These phospholipids are not chemically bound to one another, but rather maintain their structure due to the fact that the lipid tails do not like water. They're hydrophobic^2. If they all buddy up, then they can all stay dry. (See figure.) One way to deal with this quantitatively is to realize that there...
Question 13 Cells and all organelles within a cell are wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane...
Question 13 Cells and all organelles within a cell are wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane What is the purpose of the membrane? 1. To facilitate transcription and translation of new proteins 2. To permanently stop the movement of molecules from one area to another 3. To catalyze chemical reactions 4. To compartmentalize chemical reactions
The permeability of a lipid bilayer for glucose is 10-8 cm/sec. Consider a cell whose glucose...
The permeability of a lipid bilayer for glucose is 10-8 cm/sec. Consider a cell whose glucose transporter is knocked out. If it is placed in a solution that contains 1 mM glucose, how many glucose molecules will enter the cell in 10 seconds? Assume that the cell contains no glucose and the surface area of its plasma membrane is 5 μm2. Please show your work utilizing the Flux equation: Flux1->2 = - P (C2 -C1) Please show all conversions as...
1. In a cell, a thermodynamically unfavorable process can occur if the process is coupled to...
1. In a cell, a thermodynamically unfavorable process can occur if the process is coupled to a thermodynamically favorable process. the process is thermodynamically favorable outside the cell. an enzyme gives energy to the reacting substances. the cell as a whole is close to equilibrium. 2. In an active transport protein, ATP hydrolysis creates a channel through the membrane. ATP uses the protein to move across the membrane. ATP hydrolysis causes the protein to change shape. ATP carries a substance...
1- The cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane’s lipid bilayer have high concentrations of (CHOOSE THREE):...
1- The cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane’s lipid bilayer have high concentrations of (CHOOSE THREE): a. Sphingomyelin b. Phosphatidylethanolamine c. Phosphatidylcholine d. Phosphatidylinositol e. Phosphatidylserine f. Glycolipid 2- Which of the following characteristics DOES NOT keep proteins secured to the plasma membrane? a. Transmembrane domains in the protein b. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors c. Fatty acid lipids covalently attached to the protein d. Sugar molecules covalently attached to the protein e. Associations with lipid rafts 3- Which of the following...
1-1. The SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, meaning it is surrounded by a bilayer of membrane...
1-1. The SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, meaning it is surrounded by a bilayer of membrane that it acquires as it exits the host cell. a. What is the host membrane bilayer made of? b. What is the other main macromolecule that comprises the “fluid mosaic” model of a cell membrane? 1-2. To gain entry, spikes of the SARS-CoV-2 bind to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found in epithelial cells especially of the respiratory and oral passageways. As such, these cells...
13. Describe 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is generated during cellular respiration Mechanism 1: Mechanism 2: 14....
13. Describe 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is generated during cellular respiration Mechanism 1: Mechanism 2: 14. Indicate the MAIN molecules that enter and exit each of these processes? Molecule(s) IN Process Molecule(s) OUT Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle ETC Photophosphorylation Calvin Cycle 15. Isocitrate is a 6 carbon molecule that is oxidized to a-ketoglutarate (a 5 carbon molecule) by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. What happens to the extra carbon atom in this reaction and in which process (listed in...
1)For the process Ao → Ag) , the AHwR = 30.5 kJ/mol and ASm"-86.4 J/molK. Assuming...
1)For the process Ao → Ag) , the AHwR = 30.5 kJ/mol and ASm"-86.4 J/molK. Assuming these values are independent of T, what is the normal boiling point of substance A in °C? Do not input the unit just numerical value (the number). 2) For a certain process at 355 K, ΔG =-12.4 kJ and ΔH--72 kJ. What is the change in entropy,AS, for this process? 3)Consider the following hypothetical reaction (at 310 K). Standard free energies. AGP, in kJ/mol...
Chapter 18 Thermodynamics Homework 1.Predict the sign of AS for each process: a) The boiling of water b)2HgO(s)-2Hg(I) + 02(s) c) CaCO, (s)CaO(s)+ CO (g) 2. Is the following process spontaneous o...
Chapter 18 Thermodynamics Homework 1.Predict the sign of AS for each process: a) The boiling of water b)2HgO(s)-2Hg(I) + 02(s) c) CaCO, (s)CaO(s)+ CO (g) 2. Is the following process spontaneous or nonspontaneous at a given temperature? NaNO,(s) ->NaNO,(aq) 3. If a reaction has ΔS < 0 and ΔΗ < 0 will the reaction always be spontaneous, spontaneous at low T, spontaneous at high T, or never spontaneous? 4.Consider this reaction: Calculate ΔG at 25 °C and determine whether the...
Gibbs free energy change AG is defined as AG= AH-TAS. For a spontaneous process, AG<0. For...
Gibbs free energy change AG is defined as AG= AH-TAS. For a spontaneous process, AG<0. For a. reversible reaction at equilibrium, AG = 0. The equilibrium constant K of the reversible reaction is relate- AG"=-RTIn(K). Symbol 40" refers to thermodynamics standard condition: 298 K and 1 atm. Exercise:consider the following reaction: bo:pfoiex 2 HNO:(aq)+NO(g)- 3 NO2(g) + H2O(I) AH=+136.5 kJ; AS = +287.5 J/K a. Below what temperature does the following reaction becomes nonspontaneous? niliod sis anotsole s ob io...
A cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, which is a double layer of phospholipids. Each phospholipid has a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic lipid tail. These phospholipids are not chemically bound to one another, but rather maintain their structure due to the fact that the lipid tails do not like water. They're hydrophobic^2. If they all buddy up, then they can all stay dry. (See figure.) One way to deal with this quantitatively is to realize that there...
Question 13 Cells and all organelles within a cell are wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane What is the purpose of the membrane? 1. To facilitate transcription and translation of new proteins 2. To permanently stop the movement of molecules from one area to another 3. To catalyze chemical reactions 4. To compartmentalize chemical reactions
13. Describe 2 mechanisms whereby ATP is generated during cellular respiration Mechanism 1: Mechanism 2: 14. Indicate the MAIN molecules that enter and exit each of these processes? Molecule(s) IN Process Molecule(s) OUT Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle ETC Photophosphorylation Calvin Cycle 15. Isocitrate is a 6 carbon molecule that is oxidized to a-ketoglutarate (a 5 carbon molecule) by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. What happens to the extra carbon atom in this reaction and in which process (listed in...
1)For the process Ao → Ag) , the AHwR = 30.5 kJ/mol and ASm"-86.4 J/molK. Assuming these values are independent of T, what is the normal boiling point of substance A in °C? Do not input the unit just numerical value (the number). 2) For a certain process at 355 K, ΔG =-12.4 kJ and ΔH--72 kJ. What is the change in entropy,AS, for this process? 3)Consider the following hypothetical reaction (at 310 K). Standard free energies. AGP, in kJ/mol...
Chapter 18 Thermodynamics Homework 1.Predict the sign of AS for each process: a) The boiling of water b)2HgO(s)-2Hg(I) + 02(s) c) CaCO, (s)CaO(s)+ CO (g) 2. Is the following process spontaneous or nonspontaneous at a given temperature? NaNO,(s) ->NaNO,(aq) 3. If a reaction has ΔS < 0 and ΔΗ < 0 will the reaction always be spontaneous, spontaneous at low T, spontaneous at high T, or never spontaneous? 4.Consider this reaction: Calculate ΔG at 25 °C and determine whether the...
Gibbs free energy change AG is defined as AG= AH-TAS. For a spontaneous process, AG<0. For a. reversible reaction at equilibrium, AG = 0. The equilibrium constant K of the reversible reaction is relate- AG"=-RTIn(K). Symbol 40" refers to thermodynamics standard condition: 298 K and 1 atm. Exercise:consider the following reaction: bo:pfoiex 2 HNO:(aq)+NO(g)- 3 NO2(g) + H2O(I) AH=+136.5 kJ; AS = +287.5 J/K a. Below what temperature does the following reaction becomes nonspontaneous? niliod sis anotsole s ob io...
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