Question

Hello, any help would be greatly appreciated.

Please summarize the similarities and  differences between the processes that occur during Mitosis and Meiosis during each phase. Example: Prophase and Prophase 1: what are the key similarities and differences ...

Mitosis	Meiosis
Prophase	Prophase I
Metaphase	Metaphase I
Anaphase	Anaphase I
Telophase	Telophase I
Prophase	Prophase II
Metaphase	Metaphase II
Anaphase	Anaphase II
Telophase	Telophase

Answer 1

Mitosis	Meiosis	similarity	Differences
Prophase	Prophase I	Chromosomes condense and the centrosomes begin to form an early spindle.	During mitosis, each duplicated chromosome appears as 2 sister chromatids joined together while in meiosis homologous chromosomes each composed of 2 sister chromosomes come together as pairs (ie tetrad). An exchange of corresponding segments (crossing over) occurs between two homologous chromosomes at the chiasma occurs in prophase I and is much longer than that of mitotic prophase.
Metaphase	Metaphase I	chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate due to the action of microtubule spindle fibers	In meiotic metaphase I,  pairs of homologous chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate and in prophase of mitosis only a single chromosome/ pair of chromatids line up along the metaphase plate.
Anaphase	Anaphase I	In anaphase, chromosomes are split to opposite poles of the cell.	In anaphase of meiosis I cohesin at the centromeres of the chromosomes is not cleaved only homologous chromosomes are segregated to opposite cell poles while in anaphase of mitosis. cohesin protein holding the centromeres of the sister chromatids together is cleaved, allowing the sister chromatids to segregate to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase	Telophase I	A nuclear membrane reappears around the newly separated chromosomes and becomes less condensed	In mitosis spindle fibers completely disappears in Telophase, while in Telophase I spindle fibers are present.
Prophase	Prophase II	the chromosomes condense into tight structures, and the nuclear membrane disintegrates, spindle fibers are formed	Each dividing cell has only one set of homologous chromosomes.
Metaphase	Metaphase II	The events of metaphase II are similar to those of mitotic metaphase ie., the chromosomes line up along the cell's equatorial plate, also called the metaphase plate,	-do-
Anaphase	Anaphase II	During anaphase II, The sister chromatids separate, and the microtubules pull them to opposite poles of the cell. As in mitosis, each chromatid is now considered a separate chromosome	-do-
Telophase	Telophase	Finally, in telophase II, as in mitosis nuclear membranes reforms around the newly separated chromosomes.	-do-

Kindly note: The mechanics of meiosis II is similar to mitosis, except that each dividing cell has only one set of homologous chromosomes.