Question

5. List four types of chemical reactions and provide a brief description of them. 6. What is organic compound and list its characteristics. 7. List three factors that determine the properties of organic compounds and provide a brief description of them. 8. List three groups of organic compounds classified by their structures and provide a brief description of them

Answer 1

ANS (5) Some of the common types of Chemical Reaction are -

1.) Combination reaction - reactions in which two or more compounds combine to form one compound.

example - A + B → AB

2.)Decomposition reaction - In this, a complex molecule breaks down to make simpler ones.

example AB → A + B

3.)Precipitation reaction - Two solutions of soluble salts are mixed resulting in an insoluble solid (ppt).

example - A + Soluble salt.B → Precipitate + soluble salt C

4.)Neutralization reaction - Acid and base react with each other. the product of this reaction is a salt and water in general.

Example - Acid + Base → Salt + Water.

ANS (6). Organic compounds are the chemical compounds containing carbon and hydrogen, or their derivative.

The general characteristics of Organic Compounds are -

these can be isolated as well as prepared in lab and reactions involving them proceed at slower rates.

They comprise almost 90% of all known compounds and possess complex structures and high molecular weights

Mostly built up of only three elements- carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Their properties are decided by the functional group.

They are mostly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

They are combustible in nature.

ANS(7) Three factors that determine the properties of organic compounds are

1.) length of the chain - Length of chains determines the physical properties like the state of the compound.

2. Types of bond - for example, covalent bond renders lower melting and higher melting point.

3.) Functional Group - Functional group determines their properties to a great extent by changing them into alcohols, ketones, aldehydes acids etc.

ANS(8). They are -

1 open-chain compound or acyclic compounds- They do not form rings, they can be straight or branched.  

example hexane, butane, heptane etc

2. cyclic or closed chain compound - they form a ring of carbon atoms attached with each other. example cyclopropane cyclohexane,

3, AROMATIC COMPOUNDS - Special compounds with benzene and other ring related compounds.

exp - Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds and non-benzenoid aromatic compounds.

4. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds - Other atoms can also be part of the rind other than the carbon atom

Exp - Furan, Pyridine.