Question

A 48-year-old male patient arrives at the hospital after being rescued from a car accident in which he suffered a serious hemorrhage. He needs a blood transfusion to stabilize. Blood typing test discovers he is A+, Which of the following blood types can he receive? Check all that apply. Check All That Apply A+ and A- B+ and B- AB+ and AB- O+ and O-

Answer 1

Answer:

Q-1):

• Blood type is determined by the types of antigens present on the surface of red blood cells.
• ABO blood grouping system is determined by the presence or absence of the a and b antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Blood Group	Antigens	Antibodies
A	a	b
B	b	a
AB	ab	none
O	none	a and b

• Blood group can also be (+) or (-) on the basis of the presence or absence of Rh antigen respectively.
• Type AB individuals can donate blood to AB only since they have both the antigens whereas type O individuals can donate blood to anyone since their blood has no antigens.
• Negative can donate to positive but vice versa is not possible.

$\rightarrow$In the above question individual with blood group A+ can receive blood from the A+/A- and O+/O-.

$\rightarrow$Q-2):

1):Acute reaction to an allergen mediated by IgE,mast cell, basophils and histamine :---Immediate hypersensitivity.

2): A reaction mediated by T cell and the effector cell enlist by them, Generally this this reaction takes a day or two to develop after exposure to the provoking antigen:--delayed hypersensitivity (also called Cell mediated hypersensitivity)

3):Mediated by IgG antibody antigen conplex, which deposited in the basement membranes of some organs and invoke an inflammatory response:--Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity.

4):A reaction involving IgG and IgM antibodies which target cells and activate complement, which in turn lyses the host cell :-- Antibody mediated hypersensitivity.

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