Question

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Answer 1

1 .Kidneys are a natural filter of the blood, designed to remove impurities.

The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

The urinary bladder stores urine, while the Sphincter muscle holds it closed until the person decides to go to the toilet.

The urethra is tube that carries urine to the outside of the body.

2. Nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney.

kidneys filter blood in a three-step process. First, the nephrons filter blood that runs through the capillary network in the glomerulus. Almost all solutes, except for proteins, are filtered out into the glomerulus by a process called glomerular filltration. Second, the filtrate is collected in the renal tubules. Most of the solutes get reabsorbed in the PCT by a process called tubular reabsorption. In the loop of Henle, the filtrate continues to exchange solutes and water with the renal medulla and the peritubular capillary network. Water is also reabsorbed during this step. Then, additional solutes and wastes are secreted into the kidney tubules during tubular secretion, which is, in essence, the opposite process to tubular reabsorption. The collecting ducts collect filtrate coming from the nephrons and fuse in the medullary papillae. From here, the papillae deliver the filtrate, now called urine, into the minor calyces that eventually connect to the ureters through the renal pelvis.

3. central nervous system is made up of Brain and Spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system is divided in to two major parts . 1. The somatic nervous system and   2.   Autonomous nervous system

4. Cerebrum is associated with higher brain function such as thought and action.

Cerebellum is assosciated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture and balance.

Medulla Oblangata controls involuntary actions like breathing, heart function, blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing and swallowing.

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