Question

The brain is complicated and sometimes difficult to understand. Describe the different regions of the brain and the associated functions.

Answer 1

Motor cortex Movement Sure Sensory cortex Sensations Sensory cortex Frontal lobe Executive functions, thinking, planning, organising and problem solving, emotions and behavioural control, personality Parietal lobe Perception, making sense of the world, arithmetic, spelling Occipital lobe Vision Temporal lobe Memory, understanding language

1. FRONTAL LOBE

-The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that control important cognitive skills in human, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors. It is, in essence,the control panel of our personality and our ability to communicate

-The frontal lobe is larger and more developed in human than in any other organism.as its name indicates the frontal lobe is at the front of the brain. The right hemisphere of the frontal lobe control the left part of the body, and vice versa

-Damage to the frontal lobe can create change in personality, limited facial expressions and difficulty in interpreting one's environment, such as not being able to adequately assess risk and danger

2. MOTOR CORTEX

-It is located on the lateral and medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, just in front of the central sulcus, and is the major precentral motor area. this region involved in the planning,control and execution of voluntary movements

-It mainly divided into 3 areas : the primary motor cortex, the premotor area, the supplementary area

3. SENSORY CORTEX

-Sensory cortex refers to all cortical areas associated with sensory functions. it process and make sense out of information gathered by our five senses : vision, audition (sound), olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), and somatosensation (touch)

4.PARIETAL LOBE

- The parietal lobe are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex.it positioned behind the frontal lobe are important to the function and processing of sensory information, understanding spatial orientation and body awareness

-Directionally the parietal lobes are superior to the occipital lobes and posterior to the central sulcus and frontal lobes

- Functions :

. Receive and process sensory information from all over the body

. Processing touch sensations

. Neurons in the parietal lobes receive touch,visual, and other sensory information from part of the brain called the thalamus.the thalamus relays nerve signals and sensory information between the peripheral nervous system and cerebral cortex

. This lobes are also important for  Understanding spatial orientation and for proper navigation, being able to identify the position,location and movement of the body and its parts

5. OCCIPITAL LOBE

-The occipital lobe is one of the 4 major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals. it is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. the primary visual cortex is brodmann area 17, commonly called V1 (visual one)

- The boundaries of the occipital lobe include the edges of the parietal and temporal lobe.the occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex and associative visual areas

6.TEMPORAL LOBE

- The temporal lobes is the region where sound is processed and, not surprisingly, it is also a region where auditory language and speech comprehension system are located

- The auditory cortex is located on the upper banks of the temporal lobe and within the Sylvian fissure

- Temporal lobe is not only a sound and language processing region. the middle section of the temporal lobe are thought to contain conceptual representations for semantic knowledge

lateral view for reference

(a) Lateral view Precentral gyrus Central sulcus Postcentral gyrus Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Olfactory bulb Occipital lobe Sylvian fissure Cerebellum Temporal lobe
  
Left cerebral hemisphere a Cerebrum Sulci Fissures • Conscious thought processes, intellectual functions • Memory storage and processing • Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions C Diencephalon Thalamus • Relays and processes Sensory information Hypothalamus • Controls emotions. autonomic functions, and hormone production b Cerebellum Spinal cord d Midbrain Brainstem • Coordinates complex Somatic motor patterns • Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord • Processes visual and auditory data • Generates reflexive somatic motor responses • Maintains consciousness @ Pons • Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus • Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers f Medulla oblongata • Relays sensory information to thalamus and to other portions of the brainstem • Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities)