Question

Title of the Experiment: Uric Acid – Kidney Function Test • What is the organ system involved?

• Discuss the technical and or clinical reasons/implication of any abnormal results

• Highlight the condition of specimen, & the reason of collecting the serum and not plasma for this test?

• Mention any deviation from test preparation procedures.

• Does the specimen collecting time and hemolysis affect the test result?

Answer 1

1. The organ associated with the experiment is kidney.

2.If blood test results show high uric acid levels, it can mean:

• Preeclampsia-a condition that can cause dangerously high blood pressure in pregnant women
• Alcoholism
• A diet that includes too many purine-rich foods
• Side effects from cancer treatment
• Kidney disease

Low levels of uric acid in blood are uncommon and not usually cause for concern.

If urine test results show high uric levels, it may mean:

• Leukemia
• Gout
• Multiple myeloma
• A diet that includes too many purine-rich foods
• Side effects from cancer treatment
• Obesity

Low levels of uric acid in urine can be a sign of kidney disease, lead poisoning, or heavy alcohol use.

3.Types of kidney function tests

To test kidney function, a set of tests is carried out to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR tells how quickly kidneys are clearing waste from the body.

Urinalysis

A urinalysis screens for the presence of blood and protein in the urine. There are many possible reasons for protein in urine, not all of which are related to disease. Infection increases urine protein, but so does a heavy physical workout. Repeat this test after a few weeks to see if the results are similar.

Provide a 24-hour urine collection sample. This can help ,how fast a waste product called creatinine is clearing from body. Creatinine is a breakdown product of muscle tissue.

Serum creatinine test

This blood test examines whether creatinine is building up in blood. The kidneys usually completely filter creatinine from the blood. A high level of creatinine suggests a kidney problem.

According to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF), a creatinine level higher than 1.2 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) for women and 1.4 mg/dL for men is a sign of a kidney problem.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test also checks for waste products in blood. BUN tests measure the amount of nitrogen in the blood. Urea nitrogen is a breakdown product of protein.

However, not all elevated BUN tests are due to kidney damage. Common medications, including large doses of aspirin and some types of antibiotics, can also increase BUN. It’s important about any medications or supplements that taken regularly. Need to stop certain drugs for a few days before the test.

A normal BUN level is between 7 and 20 mg/dL. A higher value could suggest several different health problems.

Estimated GFR

This test estimates how well kidneys are filtering waste. The test determines the rate by looking at factors, such as:

• test results, specifically creatinine levels
• age
• gender
• race
• height
• weight

Any result lower than 60 milliliters/minute/1.73m² may be a warning sign of kidney disease.

4.How the tests are performed

Kidney function tests usually require a 24-hour urine sample and a blood test.

24-hour urine sample

A 24-hour urine sample is a creatinine clearance test. It gives doctor an idea of how much creatinine body expels over a single day.

On the day that start the test, urinate into the toilet as normally would when patient wake up.

For the rest of the day and night, urinate into a special container is provided . Keep the container capped and refrigerated during the collection process. Make sure to label the container clearly and to tell other family members why it’s in the refrigerator.

On the morning of the second day, urinate into the container when woke up. This completes the 24-hour collection process.

5.yes, the specimen collecting time and hemolysis affect the test result