Question

Describe the signal transduction pathway (steps and where each occurs in the cell)

Answer 1

Signal peesponse tebroduction at / activation ug tignal ligand - messengers Cellular responses l receptor signal transduction pathway

Cell signalling or signal transduction pathway is a series of reactions occurring one after the other. They occur because of some external reagent and end up giving different cellular responses.

It begins with the binding of a ligand to its receptor located on the cell membrane of a Cell. The ligand and receptor are complementary to each other in shape and size. This is called as reception of the signal.

The binding of the ligand to receptor activates downstream molecules. This leads to the formation of secondary messengers like cyclic AMP, calcium ions and others. Secondary messengers help in the amplification of the signal. This is called as signal transduction.

Amplification of signal is followed by generation of more signalling molecules which then bind to specific cytoplasmic receptors and nuclear receptors resulting in the activation of different cellular responses.

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