Describe and give an example of each of the 5 steps of a cellular signal pathway
Describe and give an example of each of the 5 steps of a cellular signal pathway
Describe the signal transduction pathway (steps and where each occurs in the cell)
2. Discuss cellular respiration: Name the four steps of cellular respiration. Give the location of each step. Explain how each step interacts with the other steps. Summarize the net energy gain of each step.
Describe the steps of a complete taxonomic study. For each step, give a detailed example of the type of analysis to be performed in the classification and/or identification of an unknown bacterium
Describe how the signal transduction pathway that involves G proteins is similar to the signal transduction pathway involving inositol triphosphate. In a second paragraph describe how these 2 signal transduction pathways differ from one another. In a third paragraph describe how these 2 pathways are turned off.
Describe the specific signal pathway that HIV uses after binding to CCR5
1. Give one example of a mammalian inter-organ metabolic regulator and one example of a cellular metabolic regulator. Briefly describe their functions. 2. Describe how different G protein-coupled receptors can give rise to the synthesis of different 2nd messengers, and name three such G protein-induced 2nd messengers and name their subsequent target.
At the cellular level, what are TWO major consequences of receiving a hormonal signal? Describe TWO mechanisms for attenuating/shutting down a signal.
a) Describe the VEGFR signal transduction pathway. What is a RTK? How does it transmit an external signal to the interior of the cell? What is the response of the cell? b) How can signal transduction pathways can be used to explore and develop possible new drugs for breast cancer treatment?
Describe the pathway of free glucose in the bloodstream through its complete oxidation to CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Include relevant signaling molecules, metabolic pathways, key intermediates and locations of all metabolic steps.
Find information (you may want to search the internet) allowing you to describe a specific example of an extracellular signal that acts through a G protein. Give details about the pathway and make sure to name the original signal molecule and describe the change in cell function. (12 points)