Question

Discuss all the different ways and mechanisms that eukaryotes use to regulate gene expression.

Answer 1

There are four levels of regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes -

1. Transcriptional control

Transcription of the process of formation of RNA using DNA template and DNA dependent RNA polymerase as an enzyme. This is regulated because in the error containing RNA which is formed during this process is either corrected or degraded.

2. RNA processing

RNA processing in the method in which the premature RNA is converted into primary transcript. Premature RNA as formed by transcription. Primary transcript is formed by capping, tailing and splicing of premature RNA.

This regulation is important because any primary transcript containing any error prone capping sequence or tailing sequence or is formed abnormally after splicing is degraded.

3. Transport of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm

This regulation is important so that RNA is transported from nucleus to cytoplasm without being degraded by nucleases. Any abnormal RNA is degraded by nucleases.

4. Translational control

Translation of the process of formation of proteins using RNA as a template. This control is important so that any abnormal sequence of amino acid which is formed and any abnormal three-dimensional protein which is formed after post translational modification is degraded.

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