Question

Select all the processes that make the proteome more complex than the genome. RNA editing genome replication peptide bond formation alternative splicing What statement best explains an additional reason for the complexity of the proteome? O Covalent modifications of DNA, such as methylation, increase proteome complexity by altering translation by the ribosome. The ability of ribosomes to translate mRNA in either the 5' to 3' or the 3' to 5' direction increases proteome complexity. The diversity of amino acids increases the complexity of proteins and the proteome. Post-translational covalent modifications, such as phosphorylation, create proteome complexity.

Answer 1

Answer (1): option (d) Alternative splicing is correct. In this process, direct synthesis of different types of proteins takes place by using mRNA. Different variants of proteins have different cellular functions. Alternative splicing occurs by rearranging the pattern of introns and exons which then joined by splicing for altering mRNA coding sequence.

Answer(2) : Additional reason for complexity of proteome is Post-translational modification (PTM) of protein. In this process covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins takes place after protein biosynthesis.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as glycosylation and phosphorylation play an important role on the function of proteins. Such secondary level changes to proteins have wide ranging effects on their ability to interact with other proteins.