Question

1-1. You wish to insert a gene involved in the degradation of a toxic compound into a plasmid, and then use the plasmid as a vector to transform a species of bacteria so that it can be used in a bioremediation effort to clean up hazardous waste. In order to accomplish this, you will need to ______.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.

-digest both the gene and plasmid with the same restriction enzymes in order to yield appropriate "sticky ends" that can anneal

-use ligase to permanently join together the ends of the gene with the plasmid (i.e., form covalent bonds between them)

-combine the gene and plasmid in a PCR reaction in order to make many copies that will join as they are formed

-cut both the gene and the plasmid with different enzymes in order for them to be able to join together

1-2. Which of the following is TRUE about cancer?

-A person who inherits an oncogenic mutation will be born with cancer.

-A person who inherits a tumor suppressor mutation will be born with cancer.

-A person who inherits an oncogenic mutation has an increased risk of developing cancer in their lifetime.

-Genetic factors are more important than environmental factors for increasing risk of cancer.

1-3. Alternative RNA splicing _____.

-is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription

-can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA

-can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs

-increases the rate of transcription

2-1. The way that a signal outside a cell triggers changes in the transcription and translation inside the cell is by the process of ____.

-post-translational editing.

-signal-transduction pathways.

-protein activation.

-protein breakdown.

-X chromosome inactivation.

2-2. Which of the following is true about transcription factors?

-They regulate the synthesis of DNA in response to a signal.

-They are needed to regulate the synthesis of a protein in the cytoplasm.

-They control which genes are turned on to form mRNA.

-They block the mRNA from being translated.

2-3.

Kinases along the signal transduction pathway are often activated via

-phosphorylation by ATP

-dephosphorylation by ADP

Answer 1

1-1.

• use ligase to permanently join together the ends of the gene with the plasmid (i.e., form covalent bonds between them)
• combine the gene and plasmid in a PCR reaction in order to make many copies that will join as they are formed

1-2.

• A person who inherits an oncogenic mutation has an increased risk of developing cancer in their lifetime

1-3

• can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA

2-1

• signal-transduction pathways

2-2

• They control which genes are turned on to form mRNA

2-3

• phosphorylation by ATP