Question

Please answer all questions.

Oftentimes, unsaturated fatty acids are found in a fluid state at room temperature (e.g., olive oil). This is because unsaturated fatty acids contain a large number of ___________________.

	a.	Hydrogen bonds
	b.	Carbon-Carbon single bonds
	c.	Carbon-Carbon double bonds
	d.	Sulfide bonds
	e.	Radioactive bonds

Which of the following stages of aerobic cellular respiration generates the most ATP?

	a.	Glycolysis
	b.	Pyruvate breakdown
	c.	Citric Acid Cycle (aka. Krebs Cycle)
	d.	Oxidative phosphorylation
	e.	Calvin Cycle

Which of the following descriptors best characterizes a non-spontaneous reaction?

	a.	Occurs without the input of ATP; occurs quickly; results in a negative change in free energy
	b.	Often coupled to exergonic reactions; rate of reaction varies; results in a negative change in free energy
	c.	Occurs without input of ATP; rate of reaction varies; results in a positive change in free energy
	d.	Often coupled to exergonic reactions; occurs quickly; results in a positive change in free energy
	e.	Often coupled to exergonic reactions; rate of reaction varies; results in a positive change in free energy

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

	a.	Multiple species of butterflies possess assorted patterns on their wings
	b.	Red hair is passed down from father to son
	c.	Two dogs in a litter are exactly the same color
	d.	Echolocation is present in both bats and whales
	e.	None of the above

The following is a template strand of DNA: 3' - ATAGCGTACAAGTGGATT - 5'. What sequence of amino acids would be produced as a result of transcribing and translating this DNA template?

	a.	Met - Asn - Leu - Phe - His - [STOP]
	b.	Tyr - Arg - Met - Phe - Thr - [STOP]
	c.	Asn - Pro - Leu - Val - Arg - Tyr
	d.	Met - Phe - Thr - [STOP]
	e.	None of the above

The following is a template strand of DNA: 3' - ATAGCGTACAAGTGGATT - 5'. Imagine, for a moment, that the start codon has switched from "AUG" to "AUC." How many amino acids would be found in the polypeptide produced as a result of transcribing and then translating this DNA template?

	a.	2
	b.	3
	c.	4
	d.	5
	e.	6

Histone acetylation leads to which of the following events?

	a.	DNA becomes more tightly wound around the histone proteins, decreasing the potential level of transcription of the genes found in that stretch of DNA (i.e., genes are silenced or "muted")
	b.	DNA becomes more relaxed, increasing the potential level of transcription of the genes found in that stretch of DNA (i.e., increased access to genes)
	c.	DNA is converted into a series of phospholipids, which can then be incorporated into the membrane of the cell
	d.	RNA polymerase is recruited, allowing for the start of DNA replication
	e.	None of the above

________________________ refers to the phenomenon whereby a single type of pre-mRNA may give rise to multiple types of mature mRNAs due to different patterns of intron removal during RNA processing.

	a.	Chromosomes
	b.	Multivariate expression
	c.	Monocistronic mRNA
	d.	Homeostasis
	e.	Alternative splicing

The tRNA _______________________ is the site on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to a given codon found in the mRNA. This allows the tRNA to bind to the mRNA and deposit its amino acid.

	a.	Active site
	b.	Aminase
	c.	Peptide site
	d.	Anticodon
	e.	None of the above

Stop codons found within mRNA transcripts code for an amino acid.

	a.	True
	b.	False; stop codons found within mRNA transcripts code for polymerases, which allow translation to occur continuously
	c.	False; stop codons found within mRNA transcripts code for release factors, which signal for the termination of translation

The haploid gametes of a diploid organism with 2n = 98 chromosomes would contain how many chromosomes?

	a.	14
	b.	33
	c.	49
	d.	98
	e.	196

With regard to the process of mitosis, which of the following pairs is NOTmatched correctly?

	a.	Interphase - the cell grows, chromosomes replicate, and proteins are produced to prepare the cell to divide
	b.	Prophase - chromosomes condense, and the nuclear membrane dissociates/breaks down
	c.	Metaphase - chromosomes move toward opposite poles (or sides) of the cell
	d.	Anaphase - sister chromatids separate
	e.	Telophase - two distinct nuclei are formed; this is the stage immediately before cytokinesis

________________________ is/are often used by researchers and clinicians to identify the number, size, and form of chromosomes in an actively-dividing cell as well as to potentially assist in the diagnosis of genetic diseases/disorders.

	a.	Gene outlining
	b.	Kinetochores
	c.	Genetic meta-analyses
	d.	Proteomics
	e.	Karyotypes

Answer 1

1.

Option 'C' is right.

C-C double bonds. Presence of the double bonds causes a kink in the molecule, resulting in liquidity.

2.

Option D is right.

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in inner membrane of mitochondria producing most of the energy of cellular respiration.

3.

Non-spontaneous reaction requires energy input. That is why they are coupled to exergonic reactions which liberate energy. The non-spontaneous reaction absorbs energy and gains energy. So there is positive change in energy. It occurs at varying speed.

Optin 'E' is right.

4.

When two diverse groups of organisms are showing same adaptation it is called adaptive radiation.

Echolocation of whales and bats is convergent evolution.

Option 'D' is right one.

5.

3 nucleotides form a codon for coding an aminoacid. Translation always starts from Met aminoacid.

Option 'D' is the right option.