Homework Answers
1. Definitions--
Transcription--Formation of RNA by DNA is called transcription.
Translation--Formation of proteins by reading the message present on the mRNA.
Exon--Coding regions on the mRNA
Intron--Non coding regions in the mRNA
2. The genes are present on the DNA molecule. The genes are made of nucleotides. There are 4 different nucleotides in DNA. These 4 nucleotides in different combinations form 64 codons. Of which 61 codons code for 20 amino acids.By different arrangement of these codons in the gene, different proteins are coded by each gene. So the genetic information is stored in DNA(gene) as triplet codons formed of nucleotides. This information of codons is passed on along with mRNA to ribosomes. tRNA reads the message on mRNA and translates it in to a protein.
3. There are three types of RNAs.
rRNA, mRNA,tRNA.
rRNA is ribosomal RNA present in the ribosomes . It is important because rRNA can also function as Ribozyme enzyme.
mRNA carries coded message from DNA to ribosomes where mRNA is read by the ribosomes and tRNA to make proteins.
tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes reading the coded message present on the mRNA.
mRNA gets translated to form proteins.
4. if a protein has 2500 amino acids , the number of nucleotides it will have in its gene will be 2500 x 3 = 7500 nucleotides.
5. Transcription starts with the start codon in the DNA. Transcription occurs in the nucleus.
6. Template strand is the strand which is coding mRNA. The mRNA is complimentary to template strand. Non-coding strand is the one which not coding the mRNA. Non-coding strand is same as the mRNA except that the mRNA has U instead of T.
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where does transcription begin
3. List the major types of RNA and include what they code...
1.) In which direction is RNA transcribed? 2.) Which of the two strands (A or...
1.) In which direction is RNA transcribed?
2.) Which of the two strands (A or B) serves as the TEMPLATE
strand for the transcription of a mRNA that contains both a start
and a stop codon?
3.) Which number (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) best approximates the
location of the -10 consensus sequence?
4.) How many amino acids long is the protein encoded by the mRNA
from this DNA sequence?
5.) What is the second...
Background Information How can we predict where a coding gene will be in bacteria? And can...
Background Information How can we predict where a coding gene will be in bacteria? And can we then predict what protein will be produced? Take the DNA sequence below, for example. tcaggctttaattcatccgtgatctttgacgacggtaaatacgatgcagatataatacgatgaccgatgccaatcgaccgatcaaggaggcaccgaatggcgatgatggcgatgattgcgattaacgaagtggaacgcattatggcgggcattaacgaagatacccatgcgaccggcgaaaacgaaaccatttgcagctgcgcgaactttgaagaactgacccatgcgaccggccgcgaagcgacctaaaagtcgtaattacgtatcaagtcatgggccgcgggcgcccggcccactgactagactagggccgggcgcccgcggcccaccatataaataaaaaaaaaaaaaacgaggctatagctcatcaatgacct If you were a bacterial RNA polymerase, what sequence(s) should there be in this DNA for you to bind and begin transcribing? And if you found such sequence(s), where would you begin transcription? As a human being looking at this fragment of DNA, what type of consensus sequence(s)...
DNA, RNA, nucleotides, plasmid, helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, RNA primer of DNA replication
Define termsDNA, RNA, nucleotides, plasmid, helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, RNA primer of DNA replication, mutation, gene, amino acid, polypeptide chain, protein, codon, promoter region of a gene, RNA polymerase, transcription, mRNA, tRNA, RNA, ribosomes, translation, gene expression, conjugation, conjugative pilus, transformation, transductionExplain concept or process• Describe how nucleotides are linked together to form a single strand of nucleic acid• Explain the concept of a complementary pairing • Describe how DNA replication occurs in bacteria • Explain why a primer is necessary for...
DNA DNA Replication: ONA Because DNA Is the ge m Tumes and heart e ine in...
DNA DNA Replication: ONA Because DNA Is the ge m Tumes and heart e ine in process called DNA curs in the nucleus of s acest FS Parent strand Parent strand Newly replicated DNA Newly replicated DNA- SA0 Daughter DNA molecule Daughter DNA molecule Figure 8.2: Overview of DNA replication and illustration of complementary base pairing. DNA must replicate before cell division so that each new daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent DNA. 1. Replication begins when...
“Unlike what happens in DNA replication, where both strands are copied, only one of the two...
“Unlike what happens in DNA replication, where both strands are copied, only one of the two strands is transcribed into mRNA. The DNA strand that contains the gene is sometimes called the sense strand, or coding strand, and the DNA strand that gets transcribed to give RNA is called the antisense strand, or noncoding strand. Because the sense strand and the antisense strand are complementary, and because the DNA antisense strand and the newly formed RNA strand are also complementary,...
pls fo all 20) A) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process...
pls fo all
20) A) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process B) an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate C) an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits D) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication E) an RNA with enzymatic activity 20) What is a ribozyme? 21) 21) Alternative RN A splicing A) increases the rate of transcription. B) can allow the production of similar proteins...
Question 2a If the DNA template 5′- ATGGATGC -3′ is transcribed to RNA, the RNA would...
Question 2a If the DNA template 5′- ATGGATGC -3′ is transcribed to RNA, the RNA would be best described as... a. 3′- TACCTACG -5′. b. 5′- ATGGATGC -3′. c. 5′- AUGGAUGC -3′. d. 5′- UACCUACG -5′. e. 3′- UACCUACG -5′. Question 2b Which answer best summarizes how eukaryotic and bacterial RNA polymerases are different? a. Eukaryotes have several types of multimeric RNA polymerases, whereas bacteria only have one monomeric RNA polymerase. b. Eukaryotes have several types of RNA polymerases, one...
2. When transcribing an mRNA strand, RNA polymerase uses the strand of DNA to match complementary...
2. When transcribing an mRNA strand, RNA polymerase uses the strand of DNA to match complementary bases with. RNA polymerase always reads this strand in the direction and always builds mRNA in the direction. (1.5 pts) 3. (0.5 pt) What is the significance of the +1 site in regards to transcription of mRNA? t) When translating an mRNA sequence, where does the ribosome always begin? 5. (0.5 pt) When translating an mRNA sequence, what signals the ribosome to end translation?...
Describe the structure and function of elements needed for transcription, including the promoter, RNA polymerase core...
Describe the structure and function of elements needed for transcription, including the promoter, RNA polymerase core enzyme and holoenzyme, sigma factor, and template and non-template (coding) strands of DNA. eukaryotes - . List major differences between transcription and RNA processing in bacteria and o What is coupled transcription/translation? o What is a polyribosome? Is it exclusive of bacterz - Discuss major components and events in RNA processing, in - Describe tRNA stru - Discuss mech cluding, introns and exons, splicing....
14.2 Modeling the Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids and Their Products 2. The following diagram...
14.2 Modeling the Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids and Their Products 2. The following diagram represents some of the puzzle piece pieces used in this section. a Assembled in this form, do they represent an amino acid, c. a portion of messenger RNA, or a deoxyribonucleotide (b) Explain your answer. Opo 3. Why is DNA often called a double helix? 4. State the following ratios. (a) Guanine to cytosine in a double-stranded DNA molecule: (b) Adenine to thymine: -...
1.) In which direction is RNA transcribed?
2.) Which of the two strands (A or B) serves as the TEMPLATE
strand for the transcription of a mRNA that contains both a start
and a stop codon?
3.) Which number (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) best approximates the
location of the -10 consensus sequence?
4.) How many amino acids long is the protein encoded by the mRNA
from this DNA sequence?
5.) What is the second...
DNA DNA Replication: ONA Because DNA Is the ge m Tumes and heart e ine in process called DNA curs in the nucleus of s acest FS Parent strand Parent strand Newly replicated DNA Newly replicated DNA- SA0 Daughter DNA molecule Daughter DNA molecule Figure 8.2: Overview of DNA replication and illustration of complementary base pairing. DNA must replicate before cell division so that each new daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent DNA. 1. Replication begins when...
pls fo all
20) A) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process B) an enzyme that uses RNA as a substrate C) an enzyme that catalyzes the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits D) an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication E) an RNA with enzymatic activity 20) What is a ribozyme? 21) 21) Alternative RN A splicing A) increases the rate of transcription. B) can allow the production of similar proteins...
2. When transcribing an mRNA strand, RNA polymerase uses the strand of DNA to match complementary bases with. RNA polymerase always reads this strand in the direction and always builds mRNA in the direction. (1.5 pts) 3. (0.5 pt) What is the significance of the +1 site in regards to transcription of mRNA? t) When translating an mRNA sequence, where does the ribosome always begin? 5. (0.5 pt) When translating an mRNA sequence, what signals the ribosome to end translation?...
Describe the structure and function of elements needed for transcription, including the promoter, RNA polymerase core enzyme and holoenzyme, sigma factor, and template and non-template (coding) strands of DNA. eukaryotes - . List major differences between transcription and RNA processing in bacteria and o What is coupled transcription/translation? o What is a polyribosome? Is it exclusive of bacterz - Discuss major components and events in RNA processing, in - Describe tRNA stru - Discuss mech cluding, introns and exons, splicing....
14.2 Modeling the Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids and Their Products 2. The following diagram represents some of the puzzle piece pieces used in this section. a Assembled in this form, do they represent an amino acid, c. a portion of messenger RNA, or a deoxyribonucleotide (b) Explain your answer. Opo 3. Why is DNA often called a double helix? 4. State the following ratios. (a) Guanine to cytosine in a double-stranded DNA molecule: (b) Adenine to thymine: -...
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