Question

© pyruvate NAD+ Coenzyme A There are carbon atoms (C) brought in by pyruvate at the start of step 1. COCOA acetyl-CoA There are carbon atoms (C) present in citrate. Step 2 coeruryme There is a total of molecule(s) of FADH2 produced during the entire series of reactions (steps 1 and 2). GGGGGG GOOG QUAD Krebs Cycle FADHI Which of the following molecules are created during the second stage of aerobic respiration and then leave to do work elsewhere in the cell? Check all that apply. FADH2 ATP Oxaloacetate NADH NAD NADR ADPP

Answer 1

1 ans). There are Three carbon atoms brought in by Pyruvate at the start of step1.

Explaination: Simplified diagram of pyruvate oxidation is mentioned below. Pyruvate has three carbons which is converted to acetyl CoA, a two-carbon molecule attached to coenzyme A. A molecule of coenzyme A is a necessary reactant for this reaction, it removes a molecule of carbon dioxide and reduces a NAD+ to NADH.

C =0 C=0 CH2 (Pyruvate) S-CO-A NAD+ A>NAPH 4002 S-COA ¢=0 CH2 CAcetyl CoA)

Pyruvate structure in the picture shows three carbon atoms.

2 ans). There are Four Carbon atoms present in Citrate.

Explaination: Krebs Cycle(Citric acid cycle) starts with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the four-carbon acceptor compound Oxaloacetate to form a six-carbon compound called Citrate.

S-COA C =O CH2 (Acetyl COA) citrate synthase coo CH2 HO-C-cool CH2 Coo [citrate ) (six Carbon Atoms)

3 ans). There is a total of One molecule of FADH₂ produced during the entire series of reactions (from step 1-2).

Explaination: Citrate undergoes four reactions to form succinate, along with producing two molecules of carbon dioxide, two molecules of NADH, and one ATP further Succinate undergoes three more reactions before finally being converted back to oxaloacetate. These reactions also produce one FADH₂ molecule and one NADH. The NADH and FADH2 are electron carriers that can be used by the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

cool CH2 CH2 CO01 FAD > FADH2 doo [succinate) Јtєрн. - coo- COOC 'H [Fumarate]

4 ans). During aerobic respiration only one molecule of NADH is produced.

Explaination: During the second stage of aerobic respiration each pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondrial matrix and is converted into a two-carbon molecule bound to Coenzyme A, known as acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released and NADH is generated.

• The other molecules such as ATP is produced by ATP synthase enzyme totally 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidized glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system),
• FADH2 is produced during the conversion of Succinate to Fumarate  and
• Oxaloacetate is produced by the  pyruvate molecule carboxylase enzyme, activated by a molecule each of ATP and water and this reaction results in the formation of Oxaloacetate.

5 ans). At the begining of second stage of aerobic respiration pyruvate brings in carbon atoms by the end of this stage these carbon atoms are removed as Carboxyl groups and Carbon dioxide.

Explaination: A Carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate and released as a molecule of carbon dioxide, leaving behind a two-carbon molecule.

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