Question

13. Climate change will not only impact humans, but plants are also at risk of becoming extinct. How do you think plants will adapt to rising sea-levels, temperature changes, and increased chances of forest fires? Think about plants in each region and how they have adapted to survive in those conditions. How will those traits help or harm their overall survival? 14. Referencing to the Ophrys orchid example, why do you think the flower releases twice the amount of pseudo-pheromones than the female bee? Why would the female bee not release more pheromones to compete with the flowers? DELET 15. If pollinator populations were to drastically decline, how would farmers that depend on them cope? Are there alternatives to wild pollinators?

Answer 1

13. We know that there are different types of plants, hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes. Hydrophytes are those which live in wet climate and xerophytes are those which live in dry climatic area. Mesophytes are those which live in normal climate and are majority of the plants.

If the Global temperature will increase due to global warming, then glaciers will melt with will result in an increase in sea level. This will lead to submergence of many areas. This will also lead to a decrease in the number and type of flora and fauna found in a given area. But it will also pave the way for the incoming of new flora and fauna in the newly formed area after increase in sea level. Initially the plants and animals will die and decrease in number but eventually new plants and animals will in habit the area. This is because other plants will come and live in the area and try to adapt themselves in that new area which is having an increase in sea level. These plants will eventually become hydrophytes because they are living in bet climate. They will show adaptations which are normally present in a hydrophytic plant like -

They will undergo photosynthesis and become producers of ocean.

They will not have cuticle on the surface of leaf.

They will not have well developed root system and vascular tissue because the conduction of water and nutrients throughout the plant body will take place with the help of water surrounding the plant body.

They will have aerenchyma which will help them to float.

They will have Ribbon like leaves so that they can float easily in water.

The pollen grains will be produced abundantly because they will be released inside water.

The gametes will be motile so that fertilization can take place easily inside water.

All the adaptation will be present in plant which will develop new mechanism in them to live in an increased water level.

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