Question

1. Energy stored in organic compounds such as glucose is converted into what form to be used what form to be used by the cell? 2. Aerobic cellular respiration ordinarily begins with what carbohydrate molecule? Aerobic respiration begins with glucose molecules 3. Why is the process of fermentation considered anaerobic? Because Fermindertion doesn't require orygen. 4. What is the purpose of fermentation for the organism? 5. What process provides ATPs from the breakdown of carbohydrates prior to fermentation 6. How many ATPs does a fermenting organism get from the metabolism of a glucose molecule? It would get 2 ATPs. 7. In the fermentation tube experiment, which carbohydrate (starch or glucose) resulted in the larg. est production of measured CO,? Explain why. 8. How did the enzyme amylase alter the results in the metabolism of starch in your experiment? Why?

Need help with the unanswered questions. Thanks

Answer 1

1. Energy stored in organic compounds such as glucose is converted into what form to be used by the cell?

During the process of respiration, energy stored in organic compounds such as glucose is immediately converted into chemical energy making it metabolically usable for the cell.

during respiration, approximately 40% of the energy released is conserved by the cell in the form ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is used for the cellular activities and around 60% is released in the form of heat, maintaining body temperature of that particular living organism.

4. What is purpose of fermentation for the organism?

Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration producing pyruvate (pyruvic acid)

during anaerobic respiration, 2 molecules of ATP are formed, reducing NAD⁺ to NADH.

If no regeneration takes place during anaerobic fermentation process, glycolysis won't occur since all the NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH.

The purpose of fermentation is to breakdown pyruvate further and oxidize NADH to NAD⁺ regenerating it so that it can be used again for the process of glycolysis with another glucose molecule. if failed to do so 2ATP molecules won't be formed eventually leading to cell death.

5. what process provides ATPs from the breakdown of carbohydrates prior to fermentation?

Glycolysis process provides ATPs from the breakdown of carbohydrates prior to fermentation.

7. In the fermentation experiment, which carbohydrate (starch or glucose) resulted in the largest production of measured CO₂? explain why.

Carbohydrate glucose will result into largest production of measured CO₂ because it is simplest carbohydrate (monosaccharide). it can be broken down by glycolysis process releasing CO₂ at a faster rate. whereas, starch being a complex carbohydrate (polysaacharide) it has to be further broken down by enzymes into simpler sugar (glucose) and then undergo glycolysis. if the enzymes to breakdown starch are not provided during the experiment, least amount of CO₂ will be released.

8. How did the enzyme amylase alter the results in the metabolism of starch in your experiment? why?

If we have 3 setups of the fermentation experiment,

a. solution 1= only glucose solution

b. solution 2= only starch solution

c. solution 3= starch solution + amylase

results:

Solution 1 will produce largest amount of CO₂ , solution 2 will produce least (as explained in answer 7),

whereas solution 3 will show higher production of CO₂ as compared to solution 2 but lesser as compared to solution 1 because, amylase enzyme carries out breakdown of starch into glucose molecules but requires time to do so as compared to glucose fermentation carried out directly.

9. In what organelle does aerobic respiration occur? how many ATPs are produced in this process?

Aerobic respiration occurs in the cell organelle mitochondria.

38 ATPs are produced during aerobic respiration.

10. How does the pH indicator bromothymol blue measure cellular respiration?

Bromothymol blue is an pH indicator effective in the range of 6.0-7.6.

Cellular respiration utilises oxygen and releases CO₂ as a by- product resulting the medium to turn acidic hence, bromothymol blue changes from blue to yellow in colour. Colour intensity can be used for the measure of cellular respiration activity.

11. In the leaf experiment, why should the leaf with no foil show little or no change in the indicator solution?

Inside the leaf photosynthesis process occurs, during photosynthesis CO₂ is used up turning the bromothymol blue indicator blue. hence, little or no change in colour was observed.

12.

	fungi	plant	animal
respiration	yes	yes	yes
photosynthesis	no	yes	no