Question

Q1: What are catabolism and anabolism (4 marks)?

Q2: Under aerobic respiration, a molecule glucose is oxidized to generate 36 ATPs in eukaryote cell while 38 ATPs in prokaryote cell. Explain how this difference occurred (6 marks).

Q3: Why aerobic respiration could produce more energy (ATP molecules) than anaerobic respiration and fermentation? By using glucose as the substrate, illustrate how ATP molecules are being produced in each case (15 marks).

Q4: "Most microbes use carbohydrate (glucose) as the energy sources (via glycolysis, kreb's cycle, and electron transport chains). However, some microbes also use lipid or protein as the energy resources". Describe how energy (ATP) can be generated from the catabolism of: (a) Lipid (10 marks) (b) Protein (10 marks)

Q5: Critical thinking: What would be the consequences to a cell of having a mutation that knocks out coenzyme A synthesis? Explain your answer (5 marks).

Answer 1

Answo: Catabolism is defined as conversion of complex Compounds in to simpler ones as in human digestion. Anabolism is defined as conversion of simble coumpounds into complex mational for example Photosynthesis .. 2). Aerobic respiration take place in mitochondria of eukaryotic It takes place at mesosomes en pookaryotic cell Aerobic respiration can produce net Total 38 ATP. Among these, 2 ATP are utilised by mitochondria resulting in net gain of 36АТ? и викатуа һе. Prokaryotes do not have mitochondria and hence have not gain of 38ATP. 3). Anaerobic respiration and fermentation involves incomplete oxidation of glucose , pyruvate is converted to co and ethand, some bacteria produce lactic acid som pynwate. This is the reason why anaerobic respiration leads to lesser gain of energy than aerobic ones. Further, anerobic respiration does not indre krebs cycle as an aerobes

gluconeo 4). Energy can also be synthesized by lipids and proten by some microbes by the process of gluconeogenesis. a) Lipid fatty acids glucose respiration ATP formed. b) Protein aminoacides gens glucose respirasin ATP 5). If coenzyme a synthesis stops, then there can not be a Kerbs cycle and further steps of respiration that lead to large amount of decrease in energy produced Organisms can switch to anaerobic respiration in such condition. It can lead to decreased functions in a cell.