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How does the duplication of genes and /or genomes allow for the evolution of genomes?

How does the duplication of genes and /or genomes allow for the evolution of genomes?

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The genes which evolved by duplication are called as paralogous genes. These genes have similar structure and function.

A lot of genome in living organisms have originated by duplication. Genes have duplicated themselves and increases in copy number. Further mutation in the duplicated genes have led to the origin of new genes with similar structure and function. For example, hemoglobin and myoglobin and immunoglobulin, all belong to globin gene family. Their structure is quite similar. The function is also quite similar like the function of hemoglobin is to carry oxygen to different parts of the body and myoglobin is to carry oxygen to the muscle cells.

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