Question

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20. Which of the following is NOT a fermentation product of bacteria? А. ethanol lactic acid C. pyruvate butanol All of the above are fermentation products of bacteria You collect a mid-stream urine specimen from a male patient. After analysis, you determine that there are 5,600 bacteria/ml of urine and a single species of bacteria in the sample. What would tell the attending physician? The patient does have a urinary tract infection The patient does not have a urinary tract infection It cannot be determined whether or not the patient has an infection. Another specimen should be taken 22. and the After an F+ x F-mating, the donor is recipient is FoF F;F+ FF- F.;F+ 23. Transduction is a form of recombination in bacteria which involves: 5-bromouracil F plasmids C. physical contact between the bacteria involved. fertility factors bacteriophage (bacterial viruses). 24. Small circular pieces of DNA that are separate from the chromosomal DNA and are found in many bacteria are called: transducers plasmids phages. lysogenies cistrons 25. Cells that have the ability to take up DNA from their environment are said to be Hfr cells transposing competent genomic transducing

Answer 1

20. Bacterial fermentation is an anaerobic process. During this process, different bacteria produce different types of products, some produce lactic acid and some produce ethanol while some produce both.

There are three kinds of fermentations:

i. Lactic acid fermentation: A major number of bacteria of the genus lactobacillus and lactococcus and many other bacteria produce lactic acid when they carry out fermentation.

ii. Ethanolic fermentation: Some bacteria and yeast produce ethanol on the fermentation of carbohydrates.

iii. Acetic acid fermentation: Acetobacter bacteria produce acetic acid on fermentation.

All the options given here except pyruvate are products of bacterial fermentation. Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis. Hence, the correct option is C. Pyruvate.

21. The normal range of bacterial count in a urine culture is up to 10,000 bacteria/ml. Since the culture mentioned here contains only 5,600 bacteria/ml, we can say that the patient is not suffering from a urinary tract infection. The correct option is B.

22. F+ bacteria are always the donor of bacterial conjugation and F- are always the recipient. This is because F+ has the F plasmid which is generally transferred from the donor bacteria to the recipient bacteria. During mating, F plasmid is replicated and transferred to F- plasmid. After the mating both bacteria are F+. Hence, the correct option is B.

23. Transduction is the process by which foreign genetic material gets introduced into bacteria with viral contact. The correct option here is E. Bacteriophage.

24. The small circular, extra-chromosomal DNA found in some bacteria is known as plasmids. These plasmids give the bacteria special qualities like resistance to antibiotics, special protein coating. Hence, the correct option is B. Plasmids.

25. In the process of transformation, bacteria can take up genetic material from a different individual from their surroundings. In this process, the bacteria which has the capacity to take up genetic material from the environment enter a temporary state of competence and the bacteria in question is called the competent bacteria. The correct option is C. Competent.

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