Question

true or false questions. please help me (make sure the answers are correct please)

29. An operon is a cluster of genes on a bacterial chromosome that are all involved in the same metabolic pathway. 30. Mutations that arise as a result of exposure to a mutagenic chemical are called spontaneous mutations. When an Hfr strain conjugates with an F. strain, the strain usually becomes Ft. A good taxonomic system should never change, no matter what new evolutionary data are discovered. The term chromid is used for a piece of bacterial DNA intermediate in size between the chromosome and any plasmid and that contains at least one essential or core gene. As electrons travel along the bacterial electron transport chain, hydrogen lons (H') are pumped from inside the cell into the periplasmic space. 35. Using proper taxonomic nomenclature, the genus and species names are always italicized and capitalized, for example Staphylococcus Aureus. The difference between a plasmid and a megaplasmid is currently based on size. Phylogenetic studies involving 16S rRNA sequences include signature sequences that have been identified for eubacteria, archaeobacteria, and eukaryotes. 38. Most bacteria can only use a single type of sugar (carbohydrate) as an energy source. 39. Needle aspiration is the best way to retrieve samples from a patient's stomach. 40. The pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway are alternative routes from glucose to pyruvate and provide intermediate compounds that can be used as starting materials for nucleotides and amino acids. The term chromosome refers to the largest replicon in the bacterial genome that contains the majority of the core/essential genes Bacteria may use glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway simultaneously. Fermentation occurs in microorganisms under conditions of high oxygen concentration. Spinal fluid samples can be refrigerated while urine samples cannot. While most (>90%) of bacteria have a single large circular chromosome, there are bacteria that have a single linear chromosome and other bacteria that have more than one large circular piece of DNA.

Answer 1

29- TRUE

Reason- An operon is a functional unit of transcription and gene regulation in bacteria. It is involved in protein synthesis Eg. Lac Operon

30- FALSE

Reason-Mutation which arises due to exposure to chemicals is called induced mutations whereas the mutations which arise due to error in the natural biological process are called a spontaneous mutation.

31-FALSE

Reason- Hfr is high-frequency recombination cells they have their plasmids integrated with their chromosomal DNA. Therefore when this bacteria conjugates with an F- negative bacteria it leads to a partial diploid condition and may result in recombination and production of recombinant F- cell.

32-FALSE

Reason- A good taxonomic system should change with a better understanding of the organism and its evolution.

33-TRUE

Reason-In addition to the large chromosome the bacteria contains a secondary chromosome as well it has distinct characters.

34-TRUE

Reason- As the electrons are transferred through the ETS. The hydrogen ions are pumped out from the cell

35-FALSE

Reason- Staphylococcus Aureus - incorrectly written- the species name is starting with a capital alphabet

Staphylococcus aureus- The species name should always start with a small alphabet instead of the capital alphabet and the entire name should be in italics and underlined.

36-TRUE

Reason- Plasmids are the extrachromosomal DNA present in the cell of bacteria. They differ from the megaplasmid only based upon their size as Mega stands for "BIG".

37-TRUE

Reason- 16S rRNA sequencing is widely used for the identification, classification, and quantification of microbes.

38- TRUE

Reason- carbohydrates are the hydrates of carbon and are further metabolized into glucose which in turn serves an exclusive source of energy in the bacteria.

39-TRUE

Reason- needle aspiration is the best way to collect and isolate a sample from the abdominal organ.

40-TRUE

Reason-The Pentose phosphate pathway produces many intermediate compounds that are further utilized to carry out nucleotide biosynthesis by salvage pathway and de novo pathway. Eg. ribose 5- phosphate precursor for nucleotide synthesis.

41-TRUE

Reason- Chromosome is referred to as primary replicon and it is the largest replicon in the genome and contains the majority of the genes.

42-TRUE

Reason- Pentose phosphate pathway produces NADH a pentose and ribose 5 phosphate which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of nucleotides. The PPP is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis and takes place in the cytoplasm.

43-FALSE

Reason- Fermentation reaction takes place in the absence of oxygen under anaerobic conditions eg. yogurt production, beverage, wine production.

44-FALSE

Reason- Spinal fluids and samples should not be refrigerated or exposed to extremely cold temperatures and sunlight. It should be maintained at a temperature range of 20-35 degrees celsius. The spinal fluid is an excellent culture medium and fungi can easily replicate on it, Other body fluids and samples must be refrigerated at 4 degrees in case of delay.

45- TRUE