Question

Chapter 10 Review: Biotechnology

Learning Objectives and Application Questions

Learning objectives are identified for you to review your understanding of this topic. You are advised to reflect carefully on these objectives and check your own understanding to see if you have understood these essential concepts from this week’s reading.

ANSWER THOROUGHLY all the application questions associated with each objective IN YOUR OWN WORDS.

Learning Objective I: Evaluate the importance of biotechnology in modern societies (p. 228, 229)

Application question #1 – List four specific applications of biotechnology for the benefit of humans.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Learning Objective II. Describe the process of gene extraction (p. 206, 207).

Application Question #2 – Modern biotechnology relies on the study of the properties of DNA and the instructions encoded in the base-pair sequences of chromosomes. In order to study DNA, it must first be extracted from the cells under study. Using numbers 1-5, rank the steps involved in DNA extraction listed below.

1. A. DNA is precipitated using cold ethanol

2. B. Centrifuge cell mix to form a pellet of cellular debris

3. C. Cells are split open (lysed) using detergent solution

4. D. Treat cell contents with protease and RNAse to prevent DNA degradation

5. E. Transfer supernatant solution containing DNA to a clean tube

Learning Objective III. Explain how Agarose Gel Electrophoresis and DNA fingerprints are used to compare the differences between DNA samples (p. 228, 229).

Application Question #3 – DNA extracted from cells through the process studied here, is sometimes used to decide if two DNA samples are from different people or if they correspond to the same person. DNA fingerprints can be prepared through the process of agarose gel electrophoresis. After reading about this process, write in the missing words or answer the following questions:

A. Using an electrical current, DNA fragments move towards the electrode.

B. DNA fragments are separated on the basis of .

C. What fragment sizes migrate the longest in the electrophoresis gel? .

D. Where in the gel do you see uncut or too large DNA molecules? .

Learning Objective IV. Identify the uses of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in biology (p. 229).

Application question #4 – Briefly explain, what is the main goal of PCR?

Application question #5 – Identify four purposes for the use of PCR in the laboratory:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Learning Objective V. Compare and contrast the processes of molecular cloning and reproductive cloning (p. 230-233).

Application Question #6 – Molecular cloning, the production of extra copies of a desired molecule or a particular gene, involves several key procedures and players. Match the components of molecular cloning on the left with their appropriate description on the right.

1. Plasmid A. Unmatched DNA bases at the place where DNA is cut

2. Restriction enzyme B. Molecule used to join DNA fragments

3. Recombinant DNA C. A circular piece of DNA used to introduce genetic material

4. DNA Ligase to a bacterial cell.

5. “Sticky ends” D. When bacteria take up a plasmid with foreign DNA

6. Bacteria transformation E. Genetic material combining DNA from two parents

F. Molecule used like “molecular scissors” to cut DNA

pls help me this answer.

Answer 1

Question

Application question #1

The four applucation of biotechnology in the benefit of human are:

I. Biotechnology help in making recombinant medicine that help in saving many lives of the humans.

II. Biotechnology help in improving the production and quality of food crops that meet the requirement of increased population.

III. Biotechnology help in degrading the waste materials present in the environment and thus help to keep the environment clean.

IV. Biotechnology help in increasing the production of foods in industries.

Application question #2

The correct steps are:

A. Cells are split open using detergents.

B. DNA is precipated using cold ethanol.

C. Treat cell content with protease and RNAase to remove contaminatiin.

D. Transfer supernantant solution .

E. Centrifuge DNA.

Application question #3

A. Using an electric current , DNA fragments move towards postitive electrode.

B. DNA fragments are separated on the basis of molecular weight.

C. DNA with smaller size move long distance in gel elecrrophoresis.

D. At the upper part of set up of gel electrophoresis.

Application question #4

PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction. It is use to make artificial cloning experiments.

Four purpose of PCR are:

I. Use in gene mutagenesis.

II. Use in genetic fingerprinting.

III. Use in forsenic science.

IV. Use to clone the gene.