Question

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Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia: An Unexpected Outcome Read the case file and complete the discussion questions that follow. A respiratory tech on a surgical ward helped to care for Mark, a 65-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital for a relatively routine surgery: a total hip replacement. He was told before his surgery that he would need to stay in the hospital for only 4 to 5 days, at which time he would be discharged home to continue recuperating and begin outpatient physical therapy. On day 4 of recovery, the night before he was to be discharged, Mark began to feel unwell. He developed chills and a fever, and he began to cough and feel very weak. A chest X-ray was performed, and blood work was drawn. The chest X-ray revealed a consolidation in his left lower lobe, while his blood work revealed an elevated white blood cell count. Mark was told that he had developed pneumonia. He was started on an antibiotic intravenously, as well as oxygen and medications given via nebulizer, which aerosolized the medications so that they could be inhaled deeply into the lungs. The respiratory tech performed chest physiotherapy several times a day to help loosen secretions in Mark's lungs. Mark felt well enough to go home after 4 days of IV antibiotic therapy. He was continued on oral antibiotics for the pneumonia he developed and found that he felt quite weak for several days after returning home. He eventually fully recovered from his surgery and the respiratory complication that followed. 1. Discuss why you believe that the patient in the case was started on antibiotic therapy. 2. List all of the signs and symptoms of pneumonia and identify which of those from the case are a sign and which are a symptom. 3. Discuss what factors may have played a role in the patient's development of pneumonia after surgery. 4. Could Mark's pneumonia have been prevented? Why or why not? 5. Describe some other common infectious causes of pneumonia, specifically Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia.

Answer 1

Answer 1. The patient was showing the symptoms of pneumonia and antibiotic is the standard treatment of this disease. Pneumonia is infection of the lung tissue and which is a serious complication that sometimes occurs after major surgery. It often requires treatment with antibiotics.

Answer 2. Sign and symptoms are depend on the person who observe the effect. Sign is the effect of health problem observed by someone else other then patient. Whereas symptoms are experienced by the patient.

Coughing is sign in this case

Fever feeling chill and weak is symptoms.

Answer 3. Post operative pneumonia is also called hospital acquired pneumonia. Mainly it is caused by the polymicrobial in patients who are at risk for aspiration and caused by aspiration of the contaminated tract secretions. Aspiration means to draw in or out using a sucking motion. It is a medical procedure used to removes something from an area of the body. These substances can be air of body fluid. Post operative pneumonia start with the colonization of the aero digestive tract, and degraded host-defenses system due to surgical weakness.

Answer 4. Yes is might have prevented by proper sanitization of the equipment and providing preoperative oral care, but the harsh truth is that still post operative pneumonia is most common after the major surgery in the world.

Answer 5. Post operative pneumonia mainly caused by gram-negative, aerobic bacteria like Pseudomonas and Enterobacter species and gram-positive bacteria Staphyloccocus aureus.