Question

A. Describe the structures and events associated with human cogenesis and indicate the ways in which it is significantly different from spermatogenesis. B. Describe the characteristic events of the second and third trimesters of human pregnancy. C. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession and give an example of each D. List two types of habitat restoration efforts and give one example of each effort.

Answer 1

A. Oogenesis is the type of gametogenesis through which ova or the female gametes are forrmed, and this female gamete is known as an ovum. Sometimes we refer female gametes to eggs, but the word egg can involve different stages of development, and the significance of egg varies based on on types of organism.

The oogenesis comprises three stages chromatin-nucleolus, previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis. There the is no ovulation as the oocyte is retained in the follicle. During the insemination the spermatozoa enter into the intrafollicular fertilization occurs, followed by intra follicular gestation.

Oogenesis is the process of formation of mature secondary oocytes, spermatogenesis is the formation of sperms (mature male germ cells) Spermatogenesis is the procedure bywhich haploid spermatozoa create from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Oogenesis therefore occurs in females, beginning before birth (in early fetel life), completes at puberty and continues to menopause. Spermatogenesis happen in males, begins at puberty and continues to old age. In oogenesis , second meiosis result into 4 daughter cells, one of become mature secondary oocyte while they are converted to polar bodies that sion degenerates. Contrary to oogenesis , four daughter cells resulting from meiosis in spermatogenesis are all converted to mature sperms. Oogenesis takes a longer time for it to complete compared to spermatogenesis which takes approximately 64 days only.

B. A typical pregnancy lasts 40weeks from first day of our last menstrual period to the birth of the baby. It is ivided into three stages called trimesters: the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester.

The second trimester (weeks 13 to 27) is typically the most comfortable period of time for the majority of pregnant woman. Most of the early pregnancy symptoms will gradually disappear . You'll likely feel a surge in energy levels during day time and be able to enjoy a more useful night's sleep. Your abdomen will start to look pregnant,as the uterus will grow rapidly in size.It's a good time to invest in maternity wear, avoid restrictive clothing,and if you are feeling up to it. Common problems are Leg cramps and Heatburn. You might find yourself growing more of an appetite and weight gain will accelerate. The second trimester ia when most women can feel their baby move for the first time, usually by 20 weeks. The baby can even hear and recognize your voice during this period. An anatomy ultra sound might be performed between weeks 18 and 22. At this scan, parts of the baby's body will be measured and assessed to make sure that they're functioning.

The third trimester lasts from the 28th week until the birth of the baby. During this period we'll start seeing our health care provider more frequently. The Doctor will regularly:

*. test your urine for protein

* Check your Blood Pressure

*.listen to the fetel heart rate

* measure your fundal height(the approximate length of your uterus)

* check your hand and legs for any swelling

Your doctor will also determine the baby's position and check your cervix in order to monitor how your body is preparing for child birth. Somewhere between weeks 35 and 37 you'll be screened for Bacteria called Group B Streptococus. A single swab will be taken from your vaginal area being sent away for lab evaluation. Travel restrictions take effect during the third trimester. The third trimester ia a good time to educate yourself about labor and delivery. Take time out to enroll in a Child birth class.Child birth classes are designed to prepare you and your partner for labor and delivery.

C. Primary succession can be defined as the process of growth in an area that has previously uninhabited , barren, unoccupied and there was no initial registration.

Example: Newly formed bare rock ,deserts ,ponds etc

Secondary succession can be defined as the growth of community in such area which was previously occupied, inhabited and that has primary vegetation but go disturbed and damaged due to some internal or external factors,

Example: Are affected by natural calamity like flood,earthquake etc.

D A habitat restoration is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged , destroyed ecosystem and habitats in the environment by active human interventions and actions.

TYpes of Restorations are:

* GREAT LAKE HABITAT RESTORATION which will benefit economies , strengthen healthy ecosysytem and fisheries and support resilient community.

Ex: Brandenburg park restoration project.

* WILDLIFE HABITAT RESTORATION which will restore and enhance migratory and breeding bird habitat, create more suitable habitatfor other wild life , create optimal for aging habitat for long legged wading birds.

Ex: Ballanger c reek habitat enhancement project., Ponder lodge habitat restoration project.