Tales or Toll like receptors are membrane receptors whereas NOD like receptors are present in the cytoplasm
compare TLRs and NOD-like receptors with respect to cellular location and ligand specificity
Many different NOD-like receptors, including several with pyrin domains and several with HIN domains, can function to trigger inflammasome assembly leading to the activation of caspase-1. The reason for many different sensors in this innate response system is that: a.Each NOD-like receptor binds to a different adapter protein and triggers a different form of the inflammasome b.Each NOD-like receptor is expressed in a different set of phagocytic cells, depending on its tissue location c.Each NOD-like receptor recognizes different PAMPs and...
With the aid of diagrams, compare and contrast the muscarinic (Gq-coupled) and nicotinic receptors with respect to location, structure, signalling and timescale of response.
Which of the following is MISMATCHED? Toll like receptors (TLRs) -- bind PAMPs on phagocytic cells Complement -- activation results in lysis of virally infected cells acute inflammation -- long-lasting condition
The following questions will require you to compare and contrast cell surface receptors and steroid hormone receptors. (a) Which type of receptor is more likely to have a hydrophobic ligand? (b) which type of receptor results in changes in gene transcription? Explain. (c) do peptide ligands usually travel to the nucleus with their receptors? (d) what is the benefit of a multistep signalling pathway over a single step signalling pathway?
3. Differentiate the three types of complement responses 4. Macrophages are known as professional phagocytes because of their role in the immune system. What molecules allow the macrophage to detect bacteria and engulf them? A brief discussion of each (location on the cell, ligand targets, etc) will be acceptable. 5. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of receptors known to be important in detecting bacteria and viruses. Once TLRs bind to their ligand, they alter the cells gene expression profile....
11. Acetylcholine is both an excitatory and inhibitory ligand depending on the location of its receptor. What does Acetylcholine do that makes it "excitatory"? a. It causes a cell membrane to depolarize and produce Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials b. It opens K+ ion channels when it binds to its receptors c. It causes a cell membrane to hyperpolarize 12. The bonding of Acetylcholine to its muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle causes gated K+ channels to close. This action is described...
1. Mature B cells require particular receptors to be engaged by ligand to stimulate these cells to become antibody-secreting cells. Fill-in the table below with the receptor(s) on naïve B cells that transmit each signal and the corresponding ligand(s) that engage that receptor. (6 pts) Receptor(s) on B cell Ligand(s) Location in body where receptor engagement occurs Signal 1 Signal 2 b. Briefly describe what happens to mature B cells that receive Signal 1, but not Signal 2? (2 pts)...
4. There are a variety of receptors and second messenger systems in cells that in many cases exhibit cross-talk with each other (the activation of one can influence the behavior of another). Given this fact understanding how ligand activated receptors works is not as easy as presented in your book or in class. a. There are a number of different ligands that interact with their respective receptors. How do receptors for testosterone, ferro transferrin and Fibroblast Growth Factor differ from...
Compare and contrast respect to structure and function, by comolcing the the two majoe divisions of the auionomie Bollowing table C two poiats) Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System CFight or Flight 1. Relative length of pee ganglionic neurons (e-, shoet or long). 2, Neurotransmiter that is released freen the axon 3· Location of neurons along the spinal columa. released from the axon terminals of pos ganglionic neurons.
1. The enzyme catalase, like glutathione peroxidase, can dispose of harmful cellular peroxides. Both enzymes are found in erythrocytes. Do you think catalase plays a major role in the disposal of peroxides in the erythrocytes of G6PDH-deficient patients undergoing a hemolytic crisis? How might this compare to patients not in a crisis? (8 points)