Question

131 than polygynous trios) is that abundant food reduced the cost of making eggs. A second explanation is that female acorn woodpeckers are more conflicted when in a polygynous trio because females control their own egg laying. As a result, the females in a polygynous trio produce more eggs than the optimal clutch size. The behavior of acorn woodpeckers results in the game theory model of the Prisoner's Dilemma. The Hamlet Bass was presented as a fish that escaped the Prisoner's Dilemma by playing the Tit for Tat strategy. In this bass, the male individuals play Tit for Tat because they could not produce any eggs. FL While evolution can result from interactions within a population, it also can result from interactions between populations or species, for example competition and parasite-host. Competition between two species can sometimes drive one species extinct and sometimes allow the two species to coexist side by side. Coexistence is possible if the two species eat the same food. The release of the virus myxoma to control the rabbit populations in Australia showed that, as expected, hosts evolved to be more resistant and parasites evolved to be more deadly. Resistance was measured by collecting rabbits and viruses from the field (wild Australian populations) at the same time and testing the harmful effects of the collected viruses on the collected rabbits. The myxoma results suggest that if the corona virus covid-19 was more deadly it would spread even more quickly over the world. The final lecture examined the evolution of aging, where aging is defined as the loss of function with time. The hypothesis for the evolution of aging is a puzzle because it requires that natural selection favor the loss of function (and fitness) over time. The evolution of aging was tested experimentally by using artificial selection to reverse natural selection in fruit flies. When the Ix and mx values of the long-lived flies produced by artificial selection were measured, it was found that the late Ix and the late mx values of those flies decreased. 139 149

Which statements are incorrect?

(Underlined words indicate new statements)

Answer 1

The behavior of acorn woodpecker result in the game theory of the prisoner's dilemma.

Coexistence is possible if the two species eat the same food.

Resistance was measured my collecting rabbits and viruses from the field and at the same time and testing the harmful effects of the collected viruses on the collected rabbits.

When the lx and mx values of the long lived flies produced by artificial selection were measured, it was found that the late lx and the late mx value of those flies were decreased.