Transporters move molecules against their concentration gradient by:
A. Facilitating passive diffusion.
B. Using the energy of ATP hydrolysis.
C. Coupling to the concentration gradient of another molecule.
D. A and B
E. B and C
F. A and C
G. None of the above.
H. All of the above
In this case, we are talking the active transport, where an energetic sources is required to move molecules against their concentration gradient. They can use the ATP hydrolysis as the ABC transporters does or they can apply the secondary active transport where the transporter couples an ion down its concentration gradient to transport other molecule against it concentration gradient. So, the correct answers are B and C
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