Question

1. Fill in the words or phrases that best complete each sentence. Be as specific as possible.

a. Erythrocytes contain the enzyme -----------------, which catalyzes the conversion of metabolically produced CO2 and water into .

b. Most old erythrocytes are removed from circulation and destroyed by cells called -----------------------, as they rupture passing through the narrow capillaries of the organ called the -------------------.

c. Undifferentiated cells called -----------------, reside in the bone marrow, where they continuously divide and -------------------- to give rise to each of the types of blood cells.

d. The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary---------------- to exit the vasculature is known as------------------ . Once they leave the bloodstream to fight a pathological condition, they never return.

e. The genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the surface of an erythrocyte are called ----------------------------, and a person with agglutinins that react with type A and blood type B has type --------------- blood.

f. During embryonic development, ninety-nine percent of the cardiac fibers are specialized for the function called----------------- , whereas the remainder is specialized for----------------------- .

g. The action potential delay at the------------------------------- ensures that atrial excitation and contraction are complete before -------------------------- excitation and contraction commence.

h. The ------------------ is the volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed. An increase of this volume occurs when the stroke volume is------------------------ .

i. The three cations, K+, Ca2+, and Na+ have an important effect of heart function. Increased blood levels of Na+ blocks --------------------- inflow and results in a decrease in the force of contraction, while an excess of ----------------------- blocks the generation of action potentials.

j. An increase in parasympathetic activity has the following effect on stroke volume:-------------------- . An increase in parasympathetic activity ---------------------- atrial contractility.

Answer 1

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