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A small town is served by many competing supermarkets, which all have the same constant marginal cost.

A small town is served by many competing supermarkets, which all have the same constant marginal cost. Use the black point (plus symbol to show the competitive price and quantity in this market. Then use the green area (triangle symbo) to shade the area representing consumer surplus in the market for groceries, and use the purple area (diamond symbol to shade the area representing producer surplus. Competitive Market Demand Competitive outcome Consumer Surplus Marginal Cost Producer Surplus Quantity of Groceries Now suppose that the independent supermarkets combine into one chain.

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Consumer surplus falls.

The market quantity decreases.

Total surplus falls.

Since the supermarkets merge to form a single firm and act as a monopolist, the total surplus falls as the consumer surplus declines producer surplus increases and because of the presence of deadweight loss.

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