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When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product, as in the case...

When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product, as in the case of insulin, the gene cannot contain introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to process mRNA. How do scientists overcome this challenge?

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In order to express a human gene in bacteria and express a functional protein, we isolate whole cell RNA from human cells. Using specific primer against insulin mRNA, cDNA is synthesized using reverse transcriptase. This cDNA synthesized from mRNA doesn't contain intronic regions.

cDNA is cloned into the bacterial vector and transformed into bacteria. The bacteriexpresses a functional insulin protein

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