Homework Answers
Nonexonic mutations are those which occur in the regions outside of the exons.
The nonexonic mutations either affect expression of the gene or alter the structure of the final protein in the following situations:
1. A mutation in a regulatory promoter reduces binding of a repressor, allowing transcription to occur without regulation.
2.. A mutation at an intron branch point allows the intron to remain attached to the exon.
3. An insertion in the promoter region of the gene reduces RNA polymerase binding and inhibits gene transcription.
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Mutations in the exons of eukaryotic genes can result in changes in the translated protein. Nonexonic...
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Nonsynonymous mutations in genes are nucleotide changes that alter the amino acid sequence of the translated protein, potentially leading to a change in protein function. Using your knowledge of the genetic code, which ONE of the following amino acid replacements can be caused by a single-base change? Select one: a. Val → Lys b. Asp → Thr c. Pro → Val d. Gly → Leu e. Cys → Phe
Some simple eukaryotic genes can be transcribed and translated by prokaryotes like E. coli. However, some...
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Changes in protein expression can alter gene function since: High levels of protein mean that the protein can sustain mutations more readily without any harm to the cell. The cell responds only to high levels of protein. Changes in expression can alter regulatory networks. Low levels of protein mean that the protein can sustain mutations more readily without any harm to the cell. The mutations found in the CF gene that result in cystic fibrosis are recessive because: The CF...
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How do transcription factors affect gene expression? a.) They are molecules that can turn genes on...
How do transcription factors affect gene expression? a.) They are molecules that can turn genes on or off. b.) They are mRNAs that contain extra information that is not part of the DNA genome. c.)They modify the chromosome structure to create mutations. d.) They are signals that tell cells whether to divide or not.
1. trans-acting factors are able to regulate target genes from any chromosome, whereas cis-acting elements can...
1. trans-acting factors are able to regulate target genes from any chromosome, whereas cis-acting elements can only regulate genes located in the same chromosome. a. True only in operons. In Eukaryotic systems, trans-acting factors only regulate genes in the same chromosome. b. True only in Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes don’t have cis-acting elements. c. True for any organism. d. False. The statement is erroneous 2. Unlike activators, repressors never affect chromatin structure. Repressors inhibit transcription only by binding to the binding sites...
3. Which of the following is not a good example of a housekeeping protein in eukaryotic...
3. Which of the following is not a good example of a housekeeping protein in eukaryotic cells? a)DNA polymerase b)histones c)RNA polymerase 4)hemoglobin Explanation: 4. Which of the following statements about histones is true? a. Histones activate transcription when bound to the promoter, b. Although RNA polymerase can access DNA packed around histones, the general transcription factors and transcriptional regulators cannot. c. Histone acetyltransferases affect transcription by adding acetyl groups to histones and altering chromatin structure to allow accessibility to...
Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a non-functional protein? a) a...
Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in a non-functional protein? a) a single-nucleotide substitution in a promoter b) an insertion in an intron c) a frameshift mutation d) a missense mutation You have conducted an Ames test on a given compound to determine whether it is a mutagen. Which of the following would be classified as a positive result on the Ames test? a) originally His+ strain grows on minimal medium with histidine. b) originally His+...
QUESTION 7 What are the potential consequences of un-repaired DNA damage (i.e. mutations) (select all that...
QUESTION 7 What are the potential consequences of un-repaired DNA damage (i.e. mutations) (select all that apply)? A. Somatic mutations lead to changes in fitness for the affected individual ONLY B. Germ line mutations lead to cancer or other disease in the affected individual ONLY OC. Somatic mutations lead to cancer or other disease in the affected individual ONLY D. Germ line mutations lead to generation of new alleles that are passed on to the progeny E. Germ line mutations...
Why would changes in the genes for transcription factors be expected to generate major phenotypic differences?...
Why would changes in the genes for transcription factors be expected to generate major phenotypic differences? They are extremely powerful genes. They can affect the expression of small numbers of other genes. Their gene products are remarkably stable. Their gene products normally denature more rapidly than other gene products. They can affect the expression of large numbers of other genes. Which enzyme, also responsible for siRNA formation, carves miRNAs from their double-stranded, fold- back RNA precursor (pre-miRNA)? Dicer ribonuclease RNA...
Some simple eukaryotic genes can be transcribed and translated by prokaryotes like E. coli. However, some eukaryotic genes cannot be expressed by prokaryotes. Which of the following might be a reason for this failure? A. Prokaryotes are not able to cut out the introns nor are they able to O splice the exons together from the eukaryotic gene. B. the prokaryotic genetic code is sometimes different from eukaryotic code. C. Eukaryotic genes often have unique nucleotide bases which are not...
3. Which of the following is not a good example of a housekeeping protein in eukaryotic cells? a)DNA polymerase b)histones c)RNA polymerase 4)hemoglobin Explanation: 4. Which of the following statements about histones is true? a. Histones activate transcription when bound to the promoter, b. Although RNA polymerase can access DNA packed around histones, the general transcription factors and transcriptional regulators cannot. c. Histone acetyltransferases affect transcription by adding acetyl groups to histones and altering chromatin structure to allow accessibility to...
QUESTION 7 What are the potential consequences of un-repaired DNA damage (i.e. mutations) (select all that apply)? A. Somatic mutations lead to changes in fitness for the affected individual ONLY B. Germ line mutations lead to cancer or other disease in the affected individual ONLY OC. Somatic mutations lead to cancer or other disease in the affected individual ONLY D. Germ line mutations lead to generation of new alleles that are passed on to the progeny E. Germ line mutations...
Why would changes in the genes for transcription factors be expected to generate major phenotypic differences? They are extremely powerful genes. They can affect the expression of small numbers of other genes. Their gene products are remarkably stable. Their gene products normally denature more rapidly than other gene products. They can affect the expression of large numbers of other genes. Which enzyme, also responsible for siRNA formation, carves miRNAs from their double-stranded, fold- back RNA precursor (pre-miRNA)? Dicer ribonuclease RNA...
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