Question

For this activity, you will research and explain four methods of contraception including two methods of sterilization. They are: 1. Oral contraceptives (the Pill) 2. Condoms 3. Tubal ligation 4. Vasectomy For each method consider (but you are not limited to) the following points: a. Explain the method of use (or surgery in the case of tubal ligation/vasectomy) b. Effectiveness (reliability) c. Availability (access) d. Risk factors 5. In what way(s) do condoms "out-perform" all other birth control methods?

Answer 1

1) Oral Contraceptives :Oral contraceptives prevent pregnancy, they are hormonal preparations that may contain combinations of the hormones estrogen and progestin or progestin alone.

Method of Use- The pills are simply swallowed with the help of water. Oral Contraceptives come in easy-to-use dispensers with the day of the week or a consecutive number of pills which should be taken is written, with a corresponding tablet for each day or specific day.

Effectiveness- The oral contraceptive pill is very effective if taken correctly and not missed any pill days. It has 99.7% effectiveness if taken properly.

Availability- Oral Contraceptives are easily available in medical stores.

Risks- Common side effects are nausea, headache,breast tenderness,weight gain,irregular vaginal bleeding, and mood changes.These side effects often subside after a few months of use.

2) Condoms - Male condoms are one of the most popular methods of birth control. They’re common, convenient, and inexpensive.

Method of Use - Can be easily user by the person.

Effectiveness - Male condoms are an effective form of birth control when used properly. They are 98 percent effective at preventing pregnancy if used perfectly.

Availability - Commonly available in medical store.

Risks- Uncommonly may cause skin irritation due to latex sensitivity or allergy, allergic reactions to spermicides, lubes, scents, and other chemicals in the condoms.

3) Tubal ligation -

Method of Use - Tubal ligation is a simple surgery. It can be performed at any time, including immediately after giving birth.

During a standard tubal ligation, the surgeon makes two small abdominal incisions and inserts a laparoscope. The surgeon then cut or cauterize each of the fallopian tubes and clamp or tie them off.

Effectiveness - Tubal ligation is permanent and more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.

Availability - It is a simple medical surgery that is performed by gynaecologist in medical clinic.

Risk - Risks associated with tubal ligation are uncommon but may include damage to the bowel, bladder or major blood vessels during surgery, unwanted reaction to anesthesia, improper wound healing or infection, continued pelvic or abdominal pain.

4) Vasectomy - ​​​​​​

Method - Generally, the doctor makes cuts in both testis to reach tubes, called a "vas deferens,". The doctor remove a small piece of each tube and leave a short gap between the two ends. Then they sear each end, but they will tie each one off with a stitch. The stitches then dissolve over time to help the cuts close. When each vas deferens has been cut, sperm can no longer reach semen or leave the body.

Effectiveness - It’s nearly 100% effective. Very rarely the tubes can rejoin causing pregnancy.

Availability - It is a minor surgery that need not doctor referral. It can be done by doctor in clinic.

Risk - Side effects are non noticeable for most men but some may experience bleeding or a blood clot (hematoma) , blood in semen, bruising of scrotum, infection of the surgery site, mild pain or discomfort, swelling.

Delayed complications may also occur in form of chronic pain , fluid buildup , or inflammation caused by leaking sperm.

5)Condom outperform other contraceptive method because -

• The condom is easy to purchase as it don't require a prescription.
• The condom is easy to use. Don't need assistance by health care provider to administer the contraception method like others. The condom don't need to learn special skills for use.
• Condoms do not physically alter the fertility of the person using it. It just provide a barrier.
• The product is easily available at a number of places like grocery stores, malls, medical store and even online.
• Protection against sexually transmitted infections as it creates a barrier preventing exchange of bodily fluids. So prevent many common sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV.
• Those who regularly change partners are strongly advised to use the protection of a condom.
• Condom manufacturers have a variety of products available in terms of flavours and textures that are supposed to improve the sexual experience for the user.
• They have a high success rate as a contraceptive method when used properly.