Question

Dysfunction of endocrine glands lead to a variety of diseases. Cortisol is a key hormone secreted by the adrenal gland. Which of the following diseases is associated with the hyper-production of cortisol?

Select one:

a. Graves' disease

b. Hashimoto's disease

c. Cushing's disease

d. Addison's disease

e. Crone's disease

Answer 1

Answer: c) Cushing's disease

Explanation:

Cushing's disease:

Cushing disease occurs due to the tumor of the adrenal cortex. It is characterized by hypersecretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormones. It causes the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Cushing disease characterized by higher levels of cortisol.

Grave's disease or exophthalmic goiter:

It is the enlargement of the thyroid gland accompanied by bulging of eyeballs called exophthalmos. The enlarged thyroid is overactive and secretes excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. It is an autoimmune disorder in which a person produces antibodies that mimic the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone, but they are not regulated by normal negative feedback control.

Addison's disease:

There is destruction of the adrenal cortex it occurs due to diseases like tuberculosis. There is a deficiency of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids. There are low levels of cortisol plasma sodium ions.

Hashimoto's disease:

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease. It results in gradual failure of thyroid function.

Crohn's disease:

Crohn's disease is the inflammatory bowel disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common site is the terminal ileum, ileocecal valve, and caecum.