Question

1.The thyroid gland: E shrinks when a person has goiter, which is caused by an iodide deficiency. ㄷ produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone. ㄷ sequesters iodide from the diet, and synthesizes thyroxine and E stores thyroxine for up to months in the thyrotropes. 2. Increasing the concentrations of which of the following would cause the largest increase in calcium concentrations in the extracellular fluid? activating osteoblasts tE increasing the plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin ㄷ activating the chondrocytes ㄷ increasing the plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol t: increasing the plasma concentrations of calcitonin and 3. lodine is required for the synthesis of E epinephrine. cortisol. E T, and T ㄷ adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). testosterone. 4. Which disease of the thyroid gland is correctly matched with its outcome? E hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease): fast metabolism, cold intolerance, water retention and lethargy E cretinism: mental retardation and excessively long limbs. E none of the answers are correct. t: hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's disease): fast metabolism, heat intolerance, water retention and lethargy ㄷ gouter: atrophy d he thyroid

Answer 1

1. Thyroid Gland:

• sequesters iodide from the diet and synthesize thyroxine and T3.

The cells of the thyroid glands absorb the iodide to produce hormone T3 and T4 to regulate body metabolism.

2.Increasing concentration of which of the following would cause the largest increase in calcium in ECF?

• Increasing the plasma concentration of parathyroid hormone and calcitriol.

Abnormal production of parathyroid hormone increases the absorption of calcium. PTH also stimulates the Calcitrol which increases the absorption of dietary calcium. So the calcium level raises in the ECF through cell membrane permeability.

3. Iodine is required for the synthesis of

• T₃ and T₄

Thyroid gland is only cells that take up the iodine from the food to make the thyroid hormones of T3 and T4. It regulates body metabolism.

4. Which disease of the thyroid gland is correctly matched with its outcome?

• None of the answers are correct.

Hyperthyroidism - heat intolerance

Cretinism - short limbs

Hypothyroidism - cold intolerance

Goiter - Enlargement of the thyroid gland.