Question

LO 8.7 Discuss how osteoporosis develops and the actions that may help to prevent it Well over half of U.S. adults age 50 years and older have osteoporosis or are developing it (see Figure C8-1).1 Each year, 2 million people break a hip, leg. arm, hand, ankle, ar other bone as a result of osteoporosis, Of these, hip fractures prove most serious. The break is rarely clean -the bone explodes into fragments that cannat be reassembled. savings during the milk-drinking years of youth, these deposits provide a nearly inexhaustible fund of calcium. Cortical bone is the dense, ivorylike bone that forms the exterior shell of a bone and the shaft of a long bone (look clasely at the pho?ographl. Both types of bone are crucial to overall bone strength. Cortical bone forms a sturdy outer wal, and trabecular bone provides strength along the lines af stress Just removing the pieces is a struggle, and replacing them with an artificial joint requires major surgery. About a third die of complications withina A sectioned bone Development of Osteoporosis Fractures from osteoporosis occur during the later years, but osteoporosis itself develops silently much earlier. Younger adults are rarely aware af the strength sapping out of their bones unbil suddenly, 40 years later, a hip gives way. Peopl hip," but in fact the hip may have been withbod vessels, readily gives up is so fragile that it broke before she fell. The two types of bone handle calcium in different ways. The lacy crystals of the trabecular bone are tapped to taise blood calcium when the supply from the day's diet runs short, the calcium crystals are redepos ted in bone when dietary calcium plentful. The calcium of cortical bone luctuates less year, many more will never walk or live independently again.2Both men and women are urged to do whatever they can to prevent fractures related to Figure C8-1 Bone Loss Trabecular bone, generously supplied e say. "She fell and broke her Prevalence of Low Bone Density and Osteoporosis among People Age 250 Years (U.S.) minerals at the necessary rate whenever The causes of osteoporosis are tan- eled, and many are beyand a person's control. Insufficient dietary calcium, vita min D, and physical activity certainly play roles, but age, gender, and genetics are blood calcium needs replenishing. Lass of trabecular bone begins to be significant for men and women around age 30. Calcium in cortical bone can also be withdrawn but more slowly Low bone dansity Osteoparosi and genetics areg3 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 o major players. No controversy exists as to the nature of osteoporosis more controversial, however, are its causes and what people should do about it. Table C8-1 Osteoporosis Terms Bone Basics To understand how the skelleton loses minerals in later years, you must first know a flew things about bones. Table C8-1 - cortical bone the ivorylike outer bone layer that forms a shell surrounding trabecular bone and that comprises the shaft of a long bone. 16 Saunce A. C. Loker and conutios, Osseoporosis aroffers definitions of relevant terms. The - trabecular (tra BECK-you-lar) bone the weblike structure compesed of calcium-containing crystals inside a bone's solid outer shell. It provides strength and acts like a calcium ow bone mass at the femur neck ar mbar sphotograph on this page shows a human leg bone sliced lengthwise, exposing the 2) vailabeat w.cagochslattice of calcium-containing crystals (the Centor for Heath Stotstics dats brief number trabecular bone) inside that are part of eferance noles are tound in Appendi f the body's calcium bank. Invested as

write a summary of what you read.

1. You have a teenaged friend who is a vegan and she has just found out that her mother has osteoporosis. She is very worried about her bone health but will not eat any animal products. Give her any three suggestions that she could follow to ensure the future health of her bones.

2. Many people assume that calcium and vitamin D are the only two nutrients that are essential to bone health, so they focus on getting enough of these two nutrients. List any three other nutrients that are important for bone health and describe how they function in the body.

3. Your friend argues that being thin and keeping one’s weight down place less stress on the bones. She uses smoking as a way to reduce her appetite so that she doesn’t overeat. You have taken a nutrition class and are aware of the risk factors associated with osteoporosis. Discuss what you would tell her about the impact of her strategy on the health of her bones.

4. Give two reasons why drinking cola beverages can be harmful to the health of the bones.

5. Application: please share how you think you will be applying the concepts learned in this controversy in your life, and, in the life of people that are closer to you.

Answer 1

1.As she is a vegan and suffering from osteoporosis the diet should be Dark green leafy vegetables such as kale, collard greens, spinach, mustard greens, turnip greens and brussel sprouts. Calcium and vitamin D are sometimes added to certain brands of juices, breakfast foods, soy milk, rice milk, cereals, snacks and breads.

2. The rest of the nutrients are Magnesium , Vitamin k and boron . In some cases vitamin E is important because it is the key nutrient behind the formation of sinuvial fluid which is the required lubricant affecting bone health .

3. Staying healthy is the primary concern . By affecting some parts of the body over other one cannot simply gain good health .Smoking is incurious to health and it not only pose risk to lungs, heart, liver and stomach but can affect different hormone and enzyme levels which are directly or indirectly linked to osteoporosis.

4.Cola beverages contain phosphoric acid which affects bone growth , according to some research. Again , Caffeine is responsible for low absorption of calcium into the body.