Question

Classify each substituent as ortho, para activators; ortho, para deactivators; or meta deactivators. ortho, para activators ortho, para deactivators meta deactivators CHO COon NH2 C(CH3)a

Answer 1

Activating groups are also called ortho - para director, They binds to increase the electron density to the ring. Activating Groups are also called meta deviator, they tends to withdraw electron density to the ring. Donation/withdrawal can occur through inductive (sigma donation/Accepting), Hyper conjugation as well as donation/ withdrawal as a lone pair (pi - donation /accepting). New, Classification of the following organic compounds Although, there are lone pair present on Halo group, Due to The presence of lone pair of electron, it donate its electron through benzene ring, Hence increase the electron density on benzene ring, But at the same time. Halogen also show strong - Inducting (- I) effect, due to this 9 % decrease electron density from the benzene ring. Overall in this case, - I effect dominate over conjugation. Hence. It is ortho para deactivator group: - These all groups acts as a meta directing group,